{"id":8514,"date":"2020-09-01T14:57:25","date_gmt":"2020-09-01T14:57:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=8514"},"modified":"2020-09-01T14:57:25","modified_gmt":"2020-09-01T14:57:25","slug":"murtaja-e-vitit-1747-nga-ditari-i-gjon-nikolle-kazazit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=8514","title":{"rendered":"Murtaja e vitit 1747 (Nga ditari i Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazit"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Murtaja e vitit 1747 (Nga ditari i Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazit)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMinjt\u00eb e dikursh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb sundimit\nturko-otoman, q\u00eb bartnin murtaj\u00ebn dhe shkaktonin vdekjen e popullit, apo edhe\nata gjat\u00eb sundimit serbo-sllav, ende jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjall\u00eb dhe veprues.\u201d Dom Lush\nGjergji<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nga Fahri Xharra<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jemi n\u00eb Gjakov\u00ebn e vitit 1747, ishte muaji mars, nj\u00eb mars\ni bukur, por q\u00eb paralajm\u00ebronte di\u00e7ka t\u00eb kobshme. \u201cL\u00ebvizjet e shpeshtuara t\u00eb\nushtris\u00eb turke q\u00eb b\u00ebheshin atyre dit\u00ebve dhe net\u00ebve nga Gjakova, e drejt nga\nQafa e Prushit i kishin ra n\u00eb sy gjithkujt, por q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ia kishin dron\u00eb\nndonj\u00eb t\u00eb lige q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitej. E sigurt ishte q\u00eb Porta e Lart\u00eb,\nq\u00ebllimisht kishte zgjedhur hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e Gjakov\u00ebs, Mal\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj, Shkodr\u00ebn e\nderi n\u00eb det p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar q\u00ebllimet e saj dhe sajimin e nj\u00eb \u201ctampon zoneje\u201d t\u00eb\ntmerrit, ngase p\u00ebrher\u00eb aty ishin thyer Lindja dhe Per\u00ebndimi n\u00eb paraqitjen e\nfuqis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre\u201d… thoshte Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazi n\u00eb fletor\u00ebt e tija t\u00eb asaj kohe\nt\u00eb cilat na i zbardhi Jusuf Buxhovi me 1982.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c…Druaj, v\u00eblla, se s\u00ebrish do t\u00eb na bjer\u00eb mbi kok\u00eb\nfatkeq\u00ebsia e kufirit t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb dy bot\u00ebrave… O zot, mos lejo q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb\nsprovave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme ta humb durimin dhe guximin, e mbi t\u00eb\ngjitha mos lejo ta humb drejtpeshimin…\u201d – i thoshte vetes At Gjon Nikoll\u00eb\nKazazi (1702-1752) i Gjakov\u00ebs, ne sh\u00ebnimet e tij. \u201cMe keqardhje \u201ct\u00eb thell\u00eb –\nthoshte Kajmekami i Gjakov\u00ebs, iu lajm\u00ebroj se n\u00eb Gjakov\u00eb ka shp\u00ebrthyer s\u00ebmundja\ne rrezikshme e murtaj\u00ebs. Ishte m\u00eb 28 Mars 1747… Forma m\u00eb e shpesht\u00eb nga\nXenopsylla cheopsis e murtaj\u00ebs, vjen pas nj\u00eb pickim i morrit t\u00eb minjve. Ajo s\u00eb\npari i sulmon dhe i zhduk minjt\u00eb, dhe me mbytjen e tyre, e vazhdon te njeriu.\nPas nj\u00eb inkubacioni nj\u00eb javor s\u00ebmundja shfaqet ashp\u00ebr dhe mbjell vdekje. Kjo\n\u00ebsht\u00eb murtaja Bubonike. …Dhe qyteti i Gjakov\u00ebs, q\u00eb nga Pashtriku, deri te\nbrenda Drinit, nga N\u00ebnshk\u00eblzeni e deri te Lumbardhi i De\u00e7anit, shpallej\nkarantin\u00eb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazi nuk d\u00ebshironte t\u00eb ngarkohej, si\nthoshte ai, me m\u00ebkatin e dyshimit t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruar, por koha ka me tregu dhe mund\nt\u00eb thuhet se kjo e lig\u00eb nuk ka pikur nga qielli. \u201cLufta nuk zgjedh\u00eb mjete. N\u00eb\nkrahinat kryene\u00e7e, shkruan Jusuf Buxhovi (Sh\u00ebnimet e Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazit),\nmund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ajo edhe me an\u00eb t\u00eb mikrobit t\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruesh\u00ebm q\u00eb vret mij\u00ebra her\u00eb\nm\u00eb shum\u00eb se arma dhe nuk le gjurm\u00eb. Mendja e njeriut nuk ka fund kur jan\u00eb n\u00eb\npyetje shkat\u00ebrrimet\u201d. Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazi e kishte lexuar se murtaja e para\nnj\u00ebqind vjet\u00ebve poashtu n\u00eb Gjakov\u00eb nuk i kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb rezultatet e pritura fal\u00eb\ngjeturis\u00eb s\u00eb vendasve. \u201c… Un\u00eb, Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazi, i biri i Pjetrit, d\u00ebshmoj\np\u00ebr mynxyr\u00ebn q\u00eb na ka ra mbi kok\u00eb dhe rrezikun t\u00eb mbesim t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur nga\nbota… Ky k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim lidhet me \u00e7faqjen e murtaj\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn thuhet se \u00ebsht\u00eb\nmidis nesh, sado q\u00eb ajo ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar…(inkubacioni i pritur vazhdon\nF.Xh.)…por shum\u00eb\u00e7ka q\u00eb k\u00ebtu lidhet me s\u00ebmundjen, l\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dyshuar se ajo\n\u00ebsht\u00eb pjell\u00eb e lig\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb robit…\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pra, s\u00ebmundja ishte sjell\u00eb kastile q\u00eb nga viset e larg\u00ebta\nt\u00eb Lindjes me t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar me p\u00ebrcjellje po nga ata q\u00eb e kan\u00eb derdhur\ns\u00ebmundjen. Kjo ishte pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb loje t\u00eb rrezikshme q\u00eb b\u00ebhej me q\u00ebllime t\u00eb\ncaktuara nga zyrat q\u00eb merreshin me shkat\u00ebrrimin apo zhvendosjen e popujve, aty\nku binte kufiri n\u00eb mes t\u00eb dy bot\u00ebrave. E ngjashme kishte ndodhur n\u00eb Gjakov\u00eb\n(1972), kur u karantinua Gjakova me prurjen e s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb lis\u00eb (variola vera),\nshp\u00ebrthimi i fundit n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb i k\u00ebsaj s\u00ebmundjeje. Sipas shtypit jugosllav t\u00eb\nkoh\u00ebs, s\u00ebmundjen e pat sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb haxhi mysliman shqiptar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c\u00c7ud\u00eb, p\u00ebr bes\u00eb – fliste populli, \u00e7ud\u00eb e madhe. Flitet e\np\u00ebrflitet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e kurrkund nuk hetohet\u201d… Kurse n\u00eb t\u00eb\nnj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb Kajmekami k\u00ebrc\u00ebnohej: \u201cAta q\u00eb dyshojn\u00eb n\u00eb s\u00ebmundjen, jan\u00eb armiq t\u00eb\nPerandoris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ata q\u00eb e hapin fjal\u00ebn se nuk ka s\u00ebmundje d\u00ebnohen\npam\u00ebshirsh\u00ebm\u201d (?) Pritej me padurim dhe me imt\u00ebsi t\u00eb planifikuar t\u00eb shfaqej\ns\u00ebmundja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cOtoman\u00ebt, meqen\u00ebse nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb \u2018njeriun e\nri\u2019 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb an\u00eb, i cili do t\u00eb ishte i s\u00eb ardhmes dhe si i till\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb\nkishte mendim t\u00eb vetin, nuk do t\u00eb kishte t\u00eb kaluar, me nj\u00eb energji t\u00eb\npashtershme nj\u00eb dit\u00eb sjelljet e tij t\u00eb mos shfaqeshin si pjes\u00eb e veprimit dhe e\nt\u00eb menduarit sipas urdhrave\u201d (J. Buxhovi, po aty). Murtaja ishte pjell\u00eb e\nstrategjis\u00eb: \u201cTek e fundit, s\u00ebmundje ka pasur dhe gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb ket\u00eb, pse\nt\u2019ua vejm\u00eb veshin gjithaq kur ato vijn\u00eb nga i madhi q\u00eb mendon p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha?\u201d e\nqet\u00ebsonte Kajmekami parin\u00eb e Gjakov\u00ebs, n\u00eb Marsin e vitit 1747. \u201cPor, koha e\nduhur eci dhe s\u00ebmundja u shfaq, s\u00ebmundja nuk erdhi nga zoti, por nga robi,\ns\u00ebmundja u shfaq sipas rendit t\u00eb parapar\u00eb dhe e ditshin mire ata rrjedh\u00ebn e\nsaj\u201d – vazhdon tutje Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazi n\u00eb sh\u00ebnimet e tij. Pastaj Gjakova do\nt\u00eb b\u00ebhej varri m\u00eb i madhi n\u00eb bot\u00eb ku dhjet\u00ebra e mij\u00ebra t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar me vdekje t\u00eb\nfuteshin n\u00eb te.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qytetar\u00ebt habiteshin q\u00eb s\u00ebmundja paraqitej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb\np\u00ebrzgjedhur (selektive) n\u00ebp\u00ebr m\u00ebhall\u00eb t\u00eb qytetit. Kishte, vall\u00eb hile edhe\naty?… S\u00ebmundja p\u00ebrhapej dhe fikej, fal\u00eb gjeturis\u00eb s\u00eb kund\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb qet\u00eb,\nq\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb ng\u00ebrthente kund\u00ebrv\u00ebnien m\u00eb t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr, jo me infrastruktur\u00eb\nushtarake, por me mosp\u00ebrfillje t\u00eb urdhrave t\u00eb pushtuesit. Prurja e plakave nga\nMal\u00ebsia q\u00eb i p\u00ebrdornin dreg\u00ebzat e nxjerra nga hunda e t\u00eb s\u00ebmurit q\u00eb pastaj me\nan\u00eb t\u00eb grrithjes n\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebn e dor\u00ebs dhe f\u00ebrkimit me gjakun q\u00eb shfaqet i futnin\nt\u00eb s\u00ebmurit kund\u00ebrmikrobin n\u00eb trup dhe k\u00ebshtu i b\u00ebhej ball\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes. Plakat\ngrith\u00ebse ishin shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb katundet e Mal\u00ebsis\u00eb e Rek\u00ebs dhe kudo i kishin\ngrithur t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00ebt. \u201cPushtuesit e dinin mire q\u00eb krahas \u00e7komb\u00ebtarimit,\nasimilimit dhe shuarjes s\u00eb popujve t\u00eb pad\u00ebgjuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb prekin edhe qendrat\nnervore ku rr\u00ebnohej intelekti i tyre dhe shkaktohen \u00e7rregullime mendore dhe\nshpirt\u00ebrore q\u00eb barten brez pas brezi…\u201d ( Jusuf Buxhovi, Sh\u00ebnimet e Gjon\nNikoll\u00eb Kazazit.1982). \u201cNdodhi t\u00eb s\u00eb djeshmes q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndodhur n\u00eb t\u00eb nes\u00ebrmen e\nsotme…\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Imzot Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazi lindi n\u00eb Gjakov\u00eb, m\u00eb 1 janar\n1702. M\u00ebsimet e para i mori n\u00eb vendlindje, nd\u00ebrsa studimet teologjike i filloi\nn\u00eb Kolegjin Ilirik t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pjetrit, i vazhdoi n\u00eb Kolegjin e Sh\u00ebn Palit n\u00eb Fermo\ne i kreu ne Kolegjin Ilirik t\u00eb Loretos, ku studioi gramatik\u00eb, retorik\u00eb e\nfilozofi. I nisi studimet kur ishte djal\u00eb i ri, 18 vje\u00e7; i kreu n\u00eb vitin 1727,\nkur mori edhe titullin doktor n\u00eb filozofi e teologji. Po at\u00eb vit u shugurua\nmeshtar. 41 vje\u00e7 do t\u00eb shugurohej ipeshk\u00ebv i Shkupit. Sapo u kthye,\nkryeipeshkvi Mikel Suma, e em\u00ebroi misionar ne Prizren. M\u00eb pas kaloi nga\nPrizreni ne Gjakov\u00eb, p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbim baritor, t\u00eb cilin e kreu se bashku me dom\nAnton Teodorin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meq\u00eb dallohej p\u00ebr zgjuarsi dhe aft\u00ebsi te ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, imzot\nSuma e em\u00ebroi dom Gjonin vikar t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm. Me propozimin e Imzot Vin\u00e7enc\nZmajeviqit, Kazazi u em\u00ebrua vizitator apostolik i kryeipeshkvis\u00eb s\u00eb Sofjes dhe\nipeshkvis\u00eb s\u00eb Nikopolit, n\u00eb Bullgari. Me 23 shtator 1743, Papa Benedikti XIV e\nem\u00ebroi imzot Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazin kryeipeshk\u00ebv i Shkupit. Palion e mori n\u00eb\nRom\u00eb, me 16 dhjetor 1743. Gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb Rom\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1743, imzot Kazazi\nzbuloi ne Bibliotek\u00ebn e Propagand\u00ebs Fide t\u00eb vetmin ekzemplar t\u00eb ruajtur deri m\u00eb\nsot t\u00eb \u2018Mesharit\u2019 t\u00eb dom Gjon Buzukut, botuar ne vitin 1555. Kryeipeshkvi i\nShkupit vdiq me 5 gusht te vitit 1752, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb pashlyera ne\nhistorin\u00eb ton\u00eb dhe si zbulues i par\u00eb i librit m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb shtypur, q\u00eb\nnjihet deri me sot. Sipas t\u00eb gjitha gjasave varri i tij gjendet ne rrethin\u00ebn e\nGjakov\u00ebs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fahri Xharra,<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Murtaja e vitit 1747 (Nga ditari i Gjon Nikoll\u00eb Kazazit) \u201cMinjt\u00eb e dikursh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb sundimit turko-otoman, q\u00eb bartnin murtaj\u00ebn dhe shkaktonin vdekjen e popullit, apo edhe ata gjat\u00eb sundimit serbo-sllav, ende jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjall\u00eb dhe veprues.\u201d Dom Lush Gjergji Nga Fahri Xharra Jemi n\u00eb Gjakov\u00ebn e vitit 1747, ishte muaji mars, nj\u00eb mars i bukur,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8516,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8514","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-intervista"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8514","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8514"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8514\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8517,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8514\/revisions\/8517"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8516"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}