{"id":7693,"date":"2019-04-15T20:57:39","date_gmt":"2019-04-15T20:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=7693"},"modified":"2019-04-15T20:57:39","modified_gmt":"2019-04-15T20:57:39","slug":"historia-e-shtepise-se-bardhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=7693","title":{"rendered":"Historia e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/a>Nga Raimonda MOISIU*<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Raimonda Mosiu shkrimtarja e njohur shqiptaro-amerikane, ka sjell nje cikel shkrimesh per ” Kuvendin” ne lidhje me Historine e Amerikes, sic Jane Presidenca dhe Shtepia e bardhe. Here mbas here do publikojme dhe shkrime te tjera qe kane te bejne me Historine e Amerikes. Flm Raimonda!<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n

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Nd\u00ebrtimi i Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb ka filluar n\u00eb vitin 1792, sipas planimetris\u00eb t\u00eb arkitektit irlandez James Hoban, i cili ishte edhe fituesi i tenderit arkitektorial, q\u00eb u zhvillua enkas p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e saj. James Hoban pati emigruar n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, n\u00eb mosh\u00eb fare t\u00eb re. Pas disa problemeve t\u00eb mprehta financiare, t\u00eb cilat sillnin shpesh ngadal\u00ebsimin dhe nd\u00ebrprerjen e punimeve n\u00eb koh\u00eb, nd\u00ebrtesa u b\u00eb gati p\u00ebr banim pjes\u00ebrisht n\u00eb vitin 1800, q\u00eb sh\u00ebnon edhe vitin kur Presidenti i Dyt\u00eb i Amerik\u00ebs, John Adams dhe bashk\u00ebshortja e tij, hyn\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb brenda Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb. Planimetria origjinale e fasad\u00ebs veriore nga Hoban, e cila edhe i mbijetoi koh\u00ebs, reflektonte arkitektur\u00ebn angleze e stilit paladian t\u00eb mes-shekullit t\u00eb 18-\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Thomas Jefferson, Presidenti i Tret\u00eb, i cili hyri m\u00eb pas n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, pun\u00ebsoi arkitektin e talentuar dhe vizionar, Benjamin H. Latrobe n\u00eb vitin 1806-\u00eb, i cili ndihmoi n\u00eb dizenjimin e sallave (Dhomave) t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtesave lindore dhe per\u00ebndimore. Arkitektura moderne e fundit, ajo e Dhom\u00ebs Legjislative i ka mbijetuar koh\u00ebs dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb gjendjen origjinale q\u00eb prej nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb saj. Gjithashtu, Latrobe b\u00ebri edhe skicimet e tablove t\u00eb Dhomave veriore e per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb modifikuar me kalimin e koh\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Por, n\u00eb vitin 1816, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Luft\u00ebs, e cila pati filluar n\u00eb vitin 1812, forcat britanike dogj\u00ebn t\u00eb gjitha nd\u00ebrtesat publike n\u00eb Uashington, duke mos kursyer edhe at\u00eb, Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7se portretit t\u00eb Xhorxh Uashingtonit nga Gilbert Stuart, portret, i cili ekziston edhe sot n\u00eb Dhom\u00ebn Lindore, t\u00eb gjitha pajisjet dhe mobilimet e tjera q\u00eb nga koha e administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb president\u00ebve Adams, Jefferson, dhe Madison, u rr\u00ebnuan. N\u00ebn mbikqyrjen e arkitektit James Hoban, Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb u rind\u00ebrtua brenda vitit, dhe n\u00eb vitin 1817 ishte e banueshme, e rimobiluar n\u00eb stilin perandorak, me pajisje, orendi dhe mobilie t\u00eb importuara nga Franca prej Presidentit James Monroe. Gjithsesi, arkitektur\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs dhe praktikisht asaj n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi, arkitekti irlandez James Hoban iu riktheu stilin Palladian t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, dhe nuk rip\u00ebrs\u00ebriti inovacionet neo-klasike t\u00eb b\u00ebra nga Latrobe. Fasadat e jashtme t\u00eb p\u00ebrzhitura nga zjarri u bojatis\u00ebn t\u00eb bardha. Flitet se \u00ebsht\u00eb kjo arsyeja q\u00eb aksidentalisht kjo nd\u00ebrtes\u00eb u quajt dhe thirret Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb, megjith\u00ebse ka edhe nj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb realisht \u00ebsht\u00eb em\u00ebrtuar me at\u00eb term, q\u00ebkur u nd\u00ebrtua p\u00ebr her\u00ebn e par\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-\u00eb, dekorimi i brendsh\u00ebm i Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb ka ardhur duke rinovuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme \u00e7do stil dekorativ, porse fasada e jashtme e nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs mbeti nj\u00ebsoj.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1833, tubacionet sillnin ujin nga nj\u00eb rezervat uji, q\u00eb ndodhej shum\u00eb pran\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, i cili z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi gjithashtu p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsisht depon e ujit t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme. Ndri\u00e7imi me gaz u fut n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1849 dhe sistemi ngroh\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1853. Midis viteve 1850-1853, filloi furnizimi me uj\u00eb n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sistemit hidraulik t\u00eb instaluar gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viteve, dhe i lidhur direkt me sistemin ujor qendror t\u00eb qytetit. Disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb hershme pohojn\u00eb se ishte pik\u00ebrisht Millard Fillmore, Presidenti i 13-t\u00eb amerikan, i cili p\u00ebrdori p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb sistemin hidraulik t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, koha kur ai ishte n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb nga viti1850 deri n\u00eb vitin 1853. Porse nj\u00eb artikull i vitit 1989-\u00eb mbi sistemin hidraulik t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, botuar n\u00eb revist\u00ebn \u201cPlumbing & Mechanical\u201d, \u2013 shkruan se mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb, Lincoln Presidenti i Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara, i cili p\u00ebrdori p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb dushin me rrjedhje uji dhe vask\u00ebn e par\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat mendohet se jan\u00eb instaluar gjat\u00eb presidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Lincoln.<\/p>\n

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Dhoma Blu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1877-\u00eb, n\u00eb administrat\u00ebn e Presidenti Rutherford B. Hayes, u instalua linja telefonike dhe aparati telefonik i par\u00eb n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, sinjali i t\u00eb cilit vinte nga dhoma telegrafike e instaluar n\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebn presidenciale. Presidenti Hayes e p\u00ebrqafoi teknologjin\u00eb e re, edhe pse rrall\u00eb merrte telefonata. N\u00eb fakt, Departamenti i Thesarit posedonte t\u00eb vetmen linj\u00eb telefonike, ve\u00e7se t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Numri i telefonit t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb ishte \u201c1\u201d. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi telefonik n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn i ka fillesat e tij n\u00eb vitin 1877-\u00eb. Vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, shk\u00ebmbimi i par\u00eb telefonik u krye n\u00eb Connecticut (Kenerike) dhe 50 vjet m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb ishte Presidenti Herbert Hoover q\u00eb instaloi linj\u00ebn e par\u00eb telefonike n\u00eb tavolin\u00ebn e Presidentit, pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb Zyr\u00ebn Ovale.<\/p>\n

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Zyra Ovale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa energjia elektrike hyri p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, gjat\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Presidentit, Benjamin Harrison. N\u00eb vitin 1902, gjat\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Presidentit, Theodore Roosvelt, Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb, iu n\u00ebnshtrua nj\u00eb rinovimi pothuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsor, n\u00ebn drejtimin e firm\u00ebs arkitekturale t\u00eb njohur e koh\u00ebs,- e McKim, Mead dhe White. Dhomave t\u00eb katit t\u00eb par\u00eb iu hoq plot\u00ebsisht veshja viktoriane dhe iu kthye tradit\u00ebs se hershme t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-\u00eb. Shkall\u00ebt e m\u00ebdha u zhvendos\u00ebn n\u00eb korridorin hyr\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb patur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb kafeterin\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore, q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb cepin jugper\u00ebndimor t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1949, gjat\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Presidentit Harry S. Truman, u konstatua se Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb nuk ishte e p\u00ebrshtatshme dhe e sigurt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb banuar aty.<\/p>\n

Fasadat e mureve t\u00eb jashtme ruajt\u00ebn ngjyr\u00ebn e bardh\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa struktura e brendshme e nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs ndryshoi pothuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht dhe u rind\u00ebrtua me skelete, shtylla betoni e \u00e7eliku. Kujdes i madh u tregua p\u00ebr ruajtjen e punimeve origjinale prej druri, oxhaqet prej mermeri, dhe suvat\u00eb dekorative. Planimetria origjinale e bazamentit u ruajt me devocion. Po ashtu edhe nj\u00ebra prej verandave, e njohur sot e k\u00ebsaj dite si Ballkoni Truman, e nd\u00ebrtuar n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb portikut jugor. Qysh at\u00ebher\u00eb Ballkoni Truman \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga verandat m\u00eb t\u00eb preferuara t\u00eb familjeve presidenciale.<\/p>\n

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Ballkoni Truman<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vite m\u00eb von\u00eb, kur Presidenti John F. Kennedy dhe familja e tij hyri n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, bashk\u00ebshortja e tij, znj. Jacqueline Kennedy nisi restaurimin t\u00ebr\u00ebsor n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, nga formatet origjinale t\u00eb fundshekullit t\u00eb 18-\u00eb dhe ato t\u00eb fillimshekullit t\u00eb 19-\u00eb, deri n\u00eb shk\u00eblqimin e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb saj. Gjithashtu Znj. Kennedy ngriti nj\u00eb Komision t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm arti, i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga specialist\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb e t\u00eb talentuar dhe personalitete mjaft t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e artit artikteturial dhe restaurimit t\u00eb muzeumeve e veprave t\u00eb artit, me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtuar punimet e restaurimit KENNEDY-sikund\u00ebr u quajt n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb. Nj\u00eb komision i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb k\u00ebshillimor dhe nj\u00eb komision i tablove, pikturave, peisazheve, dezanjimit dhe kompozimit t\u00eb tyre forcuan m\u00eb tej pun\u00ebn e komisionit qendror.<\/p>\n

Para k\u00ebtij restaurimi, nuk kishte pasur ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur orendit\u00eb antike dhe historike t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, dhe dhomat e katit t\u00eb par\u00eb ishin t\u00eb pajisura kryesisht me orendi t\u00eb rigjeneruara. Shumica e sendeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme u gjet\u00ebn t\u00eb magazinuara n\u00eb depot e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb. Donator\u00eb dashamir\u00ebs ofruan relike t\u00eb q\u00ebmot\u00ebshme t\u00eb arteve dekorative dhe mobilje antike e t\u00eb \u00e7muara p\u00ebr krijimin e kabinetit presidencial.<\/p>\n

Zonja Kennedy u ndje fort e ngaz\u00ebllyer prej aktit filantropist dhe dashamir\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb donator\u00ebve, duke u shprehur se\u00a0\u201c\u00e7do gj\u00eb e dhuruar n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb arsye p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb aty ku duhet\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas Presidenti Johnson ngriti Komisionin p\u00ebr Ruajtjen dhe Mir\u00ebmbajtjen e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, dhe departamentin e p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr mir\u00ebmbajtjen e saj. Pajisje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb mobilieve dhe tablove amerikane me vler\u00eb u soll\u00ebn n\u00eb Sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e Bardh\u00eb gjat\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb Nixon-it, dhe dhomat kryesore t\u00eb kateve t\u00eb para dhe kateve tok\u00ebsore u zbukuruan gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb presidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Nixon-it.<\/p>\n

Dhoma e kabinetit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Dhoma e Situatave<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Pasi u shp\u00ebrngul n\u00eb rezidenc\u00ebn presidenciale n\u00eb janar t\u00eb vitit 1981-\u00eb, bashk\u00ebshortja e Presidentit Ronald Regan, znj. Nancy Regan, mbikqyri rikonstruksionin e dhomave t\u00eb katit t\u00eb par\u00eb, t\u00eb dyt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb disa projekteve t\u00eb ruajtjes e mir\u00ebmbajtjes. P\u00ebr publikun amerikan, rezidenca presidenciale \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb rezidenc\u00eb komb\u00ebtare, si edhe sht\u00ebpia e presidentit, apo th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe t\u00eb kreut t\u00eb ekzekutivit. Sipas Presidentit Dwight d. Eisenhower: \u201cSht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb ka qen\u00eb dhe duhet t\u00eb mbetet gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nderohet dhe respektohet jo vet\u00ebm nga banor\u00ebt e saj, por edhe nga t\u00eb gjith\u00eb amerikan\u00ebt.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Post-scriptum<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., n\u00eb Uashington DC, dhe prej koh\u00ebs q\u00eb u nd\u00ebrtua \u00ebsht\u00eb pallati presidencial, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkon edhe me koh\u00ebn kur u akomodua Presidenti i Dyt\u00eb i Amerik\u00ebs, -John Adams. Pallati presidencial zot\u00ebron 7.3 hektar\u00eb, rrethuar me drur\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe shekullor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ballina kryesore e nd\u00ebrtes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb 52 metra (170f.) e gjat\u00eb dhe 26 metra (85f.) e gjer\u00eb. Disa nga katet p\u00ebrdhese jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar sipas stilit anglez, kjo p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pjerr\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tok\u00ebs, nd\u00ebrsa dy pjes\u00ebt an\u00ebsore, i kan\u00eb rezistuar dhe i p\u00ebrkasin struktur\u00ebs origjinale. Konstruksioni i krahut per\u00ebndimor u b\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1902, n\u00ebn kujdesin e Kongresit Amerikan me nj\u00eb investim prej $65.196 (dollar\u00eb). Aty ndodhen Zyra Ovale presidenciale, dhoma e seancave, e quajtur ndryshe Roosevelt Room, Sekretaria dhe Dhoma e Senatit.<\/p>\n

Dyert prej xhami t\u00eb Zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb Presidentit hapen mbi dhe n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb Rose Garden (Parku Rose). Kontruksioni i Pjes\u00ebs Lindore u b\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1942, dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb ndodhen p\u00ebrve\u00e7se zyrave t\u00eb sekretarive presidenciale, por edhe zyrat arkivore dhe depo magazinimi.<\/p>\n

Jacqualine Kennedy Garden, (Parku Zhaklin Kennedy-i) \u00ebsht\u00eb quajtur k\u00ebshtu nga bashk\u00ebshortja e Presidentit Lyndon B. Johnson, Znj. Claudia Alta \u201cLady Bird\u201d Johnson, e cila ishte edhe pasardh\u00ebsja e saj. Ky park i bukur ndodhet jasht\u00eb pjes\u00ebs lindore dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga Zonja e Par\u00eb si nj\u00eb park mikprit\u00ebs, sh\u00ebtit\u00ebs dhe arg\u00ebtues. Para viti 1902, kati e par\u00eb ka sh\u00ebrbyer si vendi e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb presidentit.Aty gjendet biblioteka, e cila u riorganizua t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb vitin 1962. Dhoma Muze e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb \u201cVermeil Room, e cila quhet edhe Gold Room, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mureve t\u00eb paneluara n\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb ari dhe koleksionin e tak\u00ebmeve t\u00eb praruara prej ari dhe argjendi, l\u00ebn\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1956-\u00eb nga zonja Margaret Thompson Biddle.<\/p>\n

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<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Perdet prej m\u00ebndafshi me sfondin n\u00eb t\u00eb gjelbr\u00ebn e zbeht\u00eb, ku dalloheshin qart\u00eb fije ari t\u00eb praruara dhe q\u00ebndisura n\u00ebp\u00ebr to, dhe jan\u00eb dizajne t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb. Tapeti \u00ebsht\u00eb Herek prodhim turk i q\u00ebmotsh\u00ebm, rreth vitit 1860.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb dhom\u00ebs muze ndodhet nj\u00eb tavolin\u00eb antike \u2013sof\u00ebr- e stilit perandorak t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb. N\u00eb tavanin e saj varet nj\u00eb shandan kristali me dhjet\u00eb deg\u00ebzime, edhe ky i q\u00ebmotsh\u00ebm, i prodhuar n\u00eb Angli n\u00eb vitin 1785.<\/p>\n

Portrete t\u00eb shtat\u00eb Zonjave t\u00eb Para jan\u00eb ekspozuar n\u00eb Dhom\u00ebn Muze t\u00eb Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, (Vermeil Room), dhom\u00eb q\u00eb thirret gjithashtu edhe si; The Room of First Ladies!<\/p>\n

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Dhoma Roosevelt<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u00eb pas vjen kabineti i pritjeve diplomatike, zyra e hartave, nga e cila Presidenti Franklin D. Roosevelt monitoronte ngjarjet e Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Ndon\u00ebse kati i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rinovuar shum\u00eb her\u00eb p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb viteve, dyshemeja nuk ka ndryshuar nga ana arkitektonike, q\u00eb pasi Sht\u00ebpia e Bardh\u00eb u projektua nga John Hoban, n\u00eb vitin 1792. T\u00eb gjitha dhomat e katit t\u00eb par\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb hapura p\u00ebr publikun amerikan, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb ngr\u00ebnies, e cila p\u00ebrdoret vet\u00ebm nga banor\u00ebt e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb. Madje, East Room- Salla Lindore \u2013e quajtur \u201cPublic Audience\u201d (Audienc\u00eb Publike), ruan ende stilin klasik t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 19-\u00eb. Por jo vet\u00ebm kaq, East Room p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr mbr\u00ebmje arg\u00ebtuese, dasma, funerale, dhe aty b\u00ebhen edhe firmosje t\u00eb kontratave ekonomike.<\/p>\n

E ve\u00e7anta historike e East Room, q\u00ebndron n\u00eb faktin historik presidencial se n\u00eb at\u00eb kabinet, presidenti Gerald Ford-it, mori atributet e nj\u00eb burri shteti dhe nj\u00eb figur\u00eb imponuese n\u00eb histori, si nj\u00eb n\u00ebnpresident dhe president, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur Amerika po p\u00ebrballej, me luft\u00ebn aspak popullore n\u00eb Vietnam, Skandalin e Watergate-it, dhe Richard Nixonu largua pa mbaruar mandatin, i cili u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua prej G. Ford. Kati i dyt\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin komplekse dhoma t\u00eb ndryshme, q\u00eb nga dhoma e \u00e7lodhjes, e arg\u00ebtimit dhe kafeteris\u00eb t\u00eb Zonj\u00ebs s\u00eb Par\u00eb. Po n\u00eb katin e dyt\u00eb ndodhet dhoma e gjumit e quajtur Lincoln, e cila m\u00eb her\u00ebt ka sh\u00ebrbyer edhe si Kabineti i Presidentit Lincoln, dhe Dhoma ngjitur me t\u00eb,- gjat\u00eb administrat\u00ebs s\u00eb John F. Kennedy-i, ka qen\u00eb ish zyra e Kabinetit Presidencial, nga ku jan\u00eb pasqyruar shum\u00eb vendime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, t\u00eb marra brenda saj. Kompleksi i apartamenteve t\u00eb jet\u00ebs private t\u00eb Presidentit dhe Familjes s\u00eb tij, gjenden n\u00eb an\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb katit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. Me rind\u00ebrtimin e Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1952, u tregua kujdes i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb ruajtjen e pjes\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb rinovuar n\u00eb vitin 1902, megjith\u00ebse shum\u00eb prej orendive \u201cbarionale\u201d u hoq\u00ebn nga muret e lyer me t\u00eb blert\u00ebn celadon. Nga viti 1961 -1963 u b\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr rinovim edhe m\u00eb tej, u ndryshuan disa dhoma, duke i p\u00ebrafruar ato me at\u00eb t\u00eb stilit perandorak dhe me orendi antike dhe klasike t\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb kahershme. Ndryshime dhe rinovime u b\u00ebn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vitet 1970-t\u00eb, 1980-t\u00eb, 1998-t\u00eb dhe 2015-t\u00eb.<\/p>\n

*Referuar \u201cThe New Lexicon Webster\u2019s Encyclopedic Dictionary of the English Language.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Raimonda MOISIU* Raimonda Mosiu shkrimtarja e njohur shqiptaro-amerikane, ka sjell nje cikel shkrimesh per ” Kuvendin” ne lidhje me Historine e Amerikes, sic Jane Presidenca dhe Shtepia e bardhe. Here mbas here do publikojme dhe shkrime te tjera qe kane te bejne me Historine e Amerikes. Flm Raimonda!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7694,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori-gjeografi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7693","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7693"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7693\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7696,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7693\/revisions\/7696"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7694"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7693"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7693"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7693"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}