{"id":7250,"date":"2018-03-28T13:21:06","date_gmt":"2018-03-28T13:21:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=7250"},"modified":"2018-03-28T13:21:06","modified_gmt":"2018-03-28T13:21:06","slug":"gjon-gazulli-ambasador-i-skenderbeut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=7250","title":{"rendered":"Gjon Gazulli Ambasador i Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nga Gjon Marku\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet m\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb Gjergj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut ishin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike si nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvillonin aktivitete\u00a0 nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00ebmunges\u00eb t\u00eb prezenc\u00ebs s\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit shqiptar\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duke pasur nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb dor\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb dhe duke qen\u00eb faktori kryesor n\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarizimine e qeshtjes shiptare, n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare vet\u00eb Gjergj Kastrioti i kushton nj\u00eb v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb va\u00e7ant\u00eb trup\u00ebs s\u00eb tij diplomatike.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb trup\u00eb diplomatike dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb me vendet e tjera, nj\u00eb rol m\u00eb vete kan\u00eb lujatur t\u00eb zgjedhurit e tij p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pozicione, q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve kan\u00eb q\u00ebn\u00eb klerik t\u00eb lart\u00eb katolik.Ata ishin njer\u00ebz me integritet e p\u00ebrsonalitete t\u00eb koh\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pjese m\u00eb e madhe e tyre i sh\u00ebrbyen Gjergj Kastriot Skenderbeut me shum\u00eb men\u00e7uri dhe besnik\u00ebri, pik\u00ebrisht pse k\u00ebto amabasador kishin kulture t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb humaniste, sepse ata kishin nj\u00eb identitet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb shkatht\u00ebsi n\u00eb marrdh\u00ebniet diplomatike, ishin t\u00eb mir\u00eborientuar dhe t\u00eb mir\u00ebpritur n\u00eb Diplomacit\u00eb Europiane ato Ballkanike dhe Italiane, sidomos marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike z\u00ebn\u00eb vend me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi n\u00eb ngjarjet e asaj kohe n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarizimin e tyre. K\u00ebto klerik\u00eb katolik q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb shumt\u00ebn e rasteve gjenden si diplomat n\u00eb nj\u00eb apo n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr form\u00eb, n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshem, kan\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb kuntribut t\u00eb madhe dhe t\u00eb paz\u00ebv\u00ebnd\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb zhvillimin kulturor t\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb n\u00eb gjurm\u00ebt e shtetit shqiptar marrdh\u00ebniet diplomatike midis vendit ton\u00eb dhe vendeve t\u00eb tjera, ato kishin nisur shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu sipas kapitullit XXIV t\u00eb Statusit t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 1272, m\u00ebsojm\u00eb p\u00ebr lart\u00ebsimin e rrog\u00ebs s\u00eb misionar\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm q\u00eb shkonin n\u00eb qytetet shqiptare, si bie fjala n\u00eb n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs, n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb, n\u00eb Kruj\u00eb, n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr, n\u00eb Ulqin dhe n\u00eb Tivar.(1)<\/sup>\u00a0Pra \u00ebsht\u00eb e qarte se Raguza kishte lidhje dhe dergonte t\u00eb ashtuquajturit misionar n\u00eb disa qytete t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris. Krahas sh\u00ebrbimit t\u00eb misionar\u00ebve, t\u00eb konsujve dhe t\u00eb ambasador\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj, sidomos t\u00eb Venedikut, t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, t\u00eb Napolit, t\u00eb Hungaris\u00eb, t\u00eb Bosnjes etj.t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvilluan aktivitet diplomatik n\u00eb; Nd\u00ebrfan\u00eb, Durr\u00ebs, Art\u00eb, Vlor\u00eb, Spinaric\u00eb (Zvernec), Shkod\u00ebr, apo n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb qytet tjet\u00ebr shqiptar. Q\u00eb nga kap\u00ebrcyelli i shekullit XII me ngritjen e Arb\u00ebris shtet i pavarur, z\u00eb fill edhe diplomacia e hershme shqiptare. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, njoftime mjaft interesante jep traktati i Dhimitrit (kryezot i Arb\u00ebris) me komun\u00ebn e Raguz\u00ebs, q\u00eb u b\u00eb m\u00eb 1210. Sipas traktatit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, garantohet liria p\u00ebr tregtar\u00ebt e Raguz\u00ebs q\u00eb n\u00eb ujrat dhe n\u00eb Trojet Arb\u00ebrore t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb tregti, pa kurrfar\u00eb detyrimesh doganore apo di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ngjashme.<\/span>(2)<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, sikurse qe midis Dhimitrit dhe Komun\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur nj\u00eb mision diplomatik edhe pse mungojn\u00eb t\u00eb th\u00ebnat e holl\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr veprimtarin\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr aktivitetin e tij.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kryengritjet shqiptare nuk kalojn\u00eb jashta v\u00ebmendjes s\u00eb serave t\u00eb larta t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00ebedhe para ardhjes s\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/span><\/b>, t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr intensitetin dhe mbar\u00ebvajtjen e k\u00ebtyre kryengritjeve ,ishin vendet q\u00eb rrezikoheshin nga pushtimi Osman, e nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr k\u00ebto vende ishte Raguza, q\u00eb n\u00eb thelb vinin nga e nj\u00ebjta origjin\u00eb si dhe shiptar\u00ebt,\u00a0 pra ishin Ilir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti,<\/span><\/b>\u00a0gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb po afroheshin drejt saj Hordhit\u00eb Osmane.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti<\/span><\/b>, ishin d\u00ebmtuar seriozisht marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet tregtare ku anijet raguziane nuk liheshin t\u00eb qarkullonin lirsh\u00ebm m\u00eb ne territoret kur dikur kishin zhvilluar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie intensive tregtare.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti,<\/span><\/b>Raguza kishte nj\u00eb komunitet mjaft intensive me pesh\u00eb, dhe q\u00eb zinte vend n\u00eb aristokracin\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj republike t\u00eb ardhur nga Shqip\u00ebria e Veriut.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

Por p\u00ebr kryengritjet dhe ecurin\u00eb e tyre ishin t\u00eb interesuar dhe fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebdha.Atyre u c\u00ebnoheshin fort interesat e tyre tregtare e ekonomike, e m\u00eb pastaj dhe politike.Por mbi t\u00eb gjitha n\u00eb portat e Europ\u00ebs gjendej nj\u00ebra nd\u00ebr hordhit\u00eb m\u00eb barbare t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, nj\u00eb rrezik i p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm dhe i vazhduesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr bot\u00ebn e qytet\u00ebruar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Themelimi i shtetit t\u00eb ri, t\u00eb pa varur shqiptar n\u00eb krye t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit ishte Gjergj Kastrioti (1443-1468) b\u00ebri q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb faktor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i rezistences antiosmane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, marrin nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb vecant\u00eb dhe luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet gjith\u00ebplanshme midis shteteve, t\u00eb cilat vin\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00ebp\u00ebr duke u intensifikuar dhe\u00a0 duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm e m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb veprimtari politike dihet se rolin kryesor e kan\u00eb luajtur intelektualet e koh\u00ebs, njerzit e shkolluar.\u00a0 Sidomos ato q\u00eb ishin shkolluar n\u00eb shkollat e k\u00ebtyre vendeve, e p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb u zgjodh\u00ebn njer\u00ebz q\u00eb fal\u00eb aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb tyre individuale kishin fituar nj\u00eb popullaritet, q\u00eb ishin shkolluar n\u00eb shkollat m\u00eb prestigjoze t\u00eb koh\u00ebs dhe q\u00eb kishin l\u00ebn\u00eb gjurme duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrsonalitete t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs,\u00a0 dijes e shkenc\u00ebs\u00a0 n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike me Raguz\u00ebn por dhe me vendet e tjera kan\u00eb marr nj\u00eb karakter nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtarizues.Dhe misionet diplomatike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe u p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuan vet\u00ebm n\u00eb emer t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb i spikatur \u00ebsht\u00eb kontributi i nj\u00eb grup diplomat\u00ebsh a t\u00eb d\u00ebrguarish, q\u00eb ndihmuan luft\u00ebn e Skand\u00ebrbeut n\u00eb Dubrovnik, heshturazi n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamjen logjistike.Nj\u00eb rol kyq luajti k\u00ebtu familjet e dijatar\u00ebve dhe diplomat\u00ebve (Gazulli) (Gasulus).Gjon Gazulli (Johan Gazuli) rreth 1400-1465, i cili pati doktoruar n\u00eb Universitetin e Padov\u00ebs m\u00eb 1430, mbahej si nj\u00eb dijetar i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i koh\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Natyrisht nj\u00eb njeri i shkolluar n\u00eb nivelet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta,n\u00eb\u00a0 nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr universitetet m\u00eb prestigjioze t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, menj\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb zinte nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb diplomacin\u00eb e Raguz\u00ebs, ku ai banonte dhe jetonte ishte kthyer menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas\u00a0 mbarimit t\u00eb studimeve. Ai me siguri ishte i lidhur fort me q\u00ebshtjet shiptare, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb q\u00eb Roma n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb e konsideronte nje diplomat t\u00eb madh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vet\u00eb Raguza sh\u00ebrbente si nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr informacioni p\u00ebr vendet e europ\u00ebs, sidomos p\u00ebr dy prej diplomacive m\u00eb kryesore pra Rom\u00ebs dhe Hungaris por dhe vendeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb krishtera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Per\u00ebndori Sigizmundin kryengritjet shqiptare t\u00eb viteve (1429-1436) i ndicte me v\u00ebmendje t\u00ebve\u00e7ant\u00eb, e kryesisht lajmet p\u00ebr k\u00ebto kryengritje i merrte nga Raguza ku gjendej nj\u00eb komunitet mjaft i rend\u00ebsishme.Mbi t\u00eb gjitha nj\u00eb plejade intelektualesh e familjesh aristokrate te Dubrovnikut ishin me origjin\u00eb prej Shqip\u00ebrie.N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dokument\u00ebve arkivore, ai n\u00eb vitin 1434 kishte krijuar lidhje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta me kryengrit\u00ebsit, e kjo kishte ndodhur n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Raguz\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb Per\u00ebndori Sigizmundin q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1434 angazhon p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb kontakte me kryengrit\u00ebsit shqiptar\u00a0 djalin e per\u00ebndorit t\u00eb Bullgaris\u00eb Fruzhin\u00ebn.(3)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Gjithashtu n\u00eb vitin 1435 Republika e Raguz\u00ebs d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri t\u00eb deleguarin e mbretit t\u00eb Hungaris, q\u00eb t\u00eb informohej holl\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr rrethanat n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend. N\u00eb fillimet e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut kund\u00ebr pushtuesve Osman, intersimi i k\u00ebtyre vendeve ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebzhgues, pasi k\u00ebto vende nuk ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb gatshme dhe t\u00eb qarta n\u00eb marrdh\u00ebniet me Gjergj Kastriotin.Gjon Gazulli si diplomat i sprovuar i republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs mbante lidhje me republik\u00ebn e Hungaris\u00eb.Por fillon t\u00eb angazhohet fort n\u00eb q\u00ebshtjet Shqiptare dhe kudo ku udh\u00ebtonte e publikonte me forc\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebshtje dhe kryengritje t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb republika e Raguz\u00ebs edhe pse d\u00ebrgon n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri t\u00eb deleguarin e mbretit te hungarez q\u00eb t\u00eb informohet p\u00ebr gjendjen n\u00ebShqip\u00ebri, interesimi i tyre p\u00ebr Gjergj Kastrioti Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb luft\u00ebs s\u00eb tij kund\u00ebr pushtuesve osman pasqyrohej vetem me v\u00ebzhgimine ngjarjeve, meq\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb Raguza nuk ishte e gatshme t\u00eb vinte kontakte m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta me shqiptar\u00ebtn\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr osman\u00ebve.\u00a0(4)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKy Gjon Gazulli asht ken\u00eb \u00e7ue shpesh her\u00eb si nun\u00eb te Papa e Per\u00ebndori. Ne vj. 1432 \u00e7ohet teSigismundi e te Eugeni IV. N\u00eb vj. 1435 m\u00eb 7 Marc Te princi i Torantit. Prej k\u00ebtyne dokumentave e dijm se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb meshtar (-vobis egregio atrium doctori magistro, nenerabilique presbitorio, Johani Gasuloa-) k\u00ebshtu i drejtohet Rektori i Raguz\u00ebs kur e lut n\u00eb vj. 1432 me shkue te Sigismundi e t\u00eb Eugeni IV. Shkruhet ne Hyllin e Drit\u00ebs n\u00eb 1940.(5)<\/sup>N\u00eb fjalorin enciklopedik shqiptar thuhet \u201cU ngarkua me misione delikate diplomatike, si \u201cambassador shetit\u00ebs\u201d i Raguz\u00ebs ku u angazhua n\u00eb politik\u201d(6)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Pra n\u00eb vitin1432 Gjon Gazulli n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs d\u00ebrgohet te Sigismundi: \u201cN\u00eb vitin 1432 m\u00eb 25.III Raguza d\u00ebrgon Gjon Gazullin, presbiter, me mision diplomatik t\u00eb Sigizmundi i Hungaris\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar leje prej tij q\u00eb tregtar\u00ebt raguzjan\u00eb t\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb viset e \u201ct\u00eb pafevet\u201d. Gjer\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb prillit 1433, Gazulli ishte n\u00eb Siena pas Sigizmundit se hungarezi vajti n\u00eb Rom\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u kuror\u00ebzuar per\u00ebndor nga papa Evgjeni IV m\u00eb 14.II.1434, Raguza e falenderon Sigizmundin se ju dha leja q\u00eb i k\u00ebrkonte dy vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. (Gelcich-Thalloczy, Diplomatarium Raguz 568-71.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Pavarsisht se k\u00ebrkonte leje nga Sigizmundi vasale e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb, Raguza vepron dhe me mendjen e saj, si mund t\u00eb kuptohet nga datat e vendimeve q\u00eb ajo merr e t\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7apjeve q\u00eb b\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prof. Jahja Dran\u00e7olli n\u00eb librine tij \u201cGjin Gazulli astronom dhe diplomat i shekullit XV\u201d pohon se fal\u00eb angazhmit t\u00eb tij Sigmundi u angazhua p\u00ebr ralizimin e misionit diplomatic. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim Gazulli q\u00ebndroi n\u00eb oborrin\u00a0 mbret\u00ebror dhe e shoq\u00ebroi at\u00eb p\u00ebr n\u00eb Sien\u00eb t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs ku arriti m\u00eb 11.VII.1432, pas nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr pik\u00ebrisht m\u00eb 31.VII.1432, mbreti hungarez mori nj\u00eb let\u00ebr nga rektori raguzian, q\u00eb kishte k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje: \u201cT\u00eb bindurin Prift Gjon Gazulli (\u2026) t\u00eb cilin, me kredencialet tona e d\u00ebrguam te shk\u00eblqesia juaj, q\u00eb t\u00eb angazhoheni te Papa p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr privilegjin e lundrimit dhe t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb n\u00eb vise t\u00eb t\u00eb pa feve, po ashtu Ju porosisimdhe ju lutemi\u00a0me p\u00ebrvuejt\u00ebri<\/span>\u00a0q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebheni fjal\u00ebmir\u00eb p\u00ebr realizimin e d\u00ebshir\u00ebs son\u00eb\u201d.\u00a0(7)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Po at\u00eb vit Raguza meq\u00eb Sigmundi pati pengesa por mbi t\u00eb gjitha nga vonesa e Gjon Gazullit d\u00ebrgoi dhe tre diplomat t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Sigmundi q\u00eb t\u00eb ralizohej k\u00ebrkesa e saj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gazulli, i cili e shoq\u00ebroi vazhdimisht per\u00ebndorin e sapokurorzuar, nuk u kursye q\u00eb ti lutej Sigismundit p\u00ebr tu angazhuar n\u00eb ralizimin e misionit n\u00eb fjal\u00eb, por me gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet e b\u00ebr\u00eb misioni nuk u ralizua nga Papa por gjith\u00ebsesi ishte ralizuar miqesia midis perendorit dhe republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, e ky ishte komntributi kryesor i Gazullit. Vet\u00eb Sigizmundi arritit t\u00eb siguronte privilegjin e k\u00ebrkuar prej Raguzian\u00ebve n\u00eb vitin 1434.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gazulli, shqiptar, autoritet n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb, nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pa dijeni mbi \u00e7ka zhvillohet ne Mirdit\u00ebn e tij, ku zoti i vendit, Gjon Kastrioti, \u00ebsht\u00eb thyer e n\u00ebn\u00ebshtruar m\u00eb 1430 dhe tani e ka syun p\u00ebr kryengritje, n\u00eb mos\u00a0 ka nisur anijet\u00a0 raguziane, tregtonin n\u00eb Shufadan\u00eb e tij\u201d.(8)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Ai g\u00ebzonte nj\u00eb autoritet t\u00eb madh n\u00eb Raguza e k\u00ebt\u00eb e tregojn\u00eb m\u00eb s\u00eb miri detyrat q\u00eb i ngarkoheshin atij gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1432 zoti i Kruj\u00ebs, Ali Beu, k\u00ebrkon pension prej 200 dukat vjetor, q\u00eb i jepte Venediku, q\u00eb s\u2019ia ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb e ai, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shkak, i ka mbyllur rrug\u00ebn e Durr\u00ebsit.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb vitin 1435, Gjon Gazulli gjendet te mbreti i Hungaris\u00eb, me sa duket p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e kryengritjes n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. (J Tadic, J. Gazulus (Zbornik filozof. Fakult.2\/ 1964, Beograd, 453).<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe pse ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb diplomat n\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs duket se q\u00ebshtja kryesore e k\u00ebtij udh\u00ebtimi t\u00eb tij drejt Hungaris jan\u00eb ngjarjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri e prej andej po n\u00eb dispozicionin e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs sipas Prof. Jahja Dranqollit, Gazullin n\u00eb viti 1435 e shohim prap\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mision diplomatik n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e Jugut. Italia e jugut n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e njohur p\u00ebr pirat\u00ebt e saj t\u00eb etnive t\u00eb ndryshme, q\u00eb nuk lejonin anijet raguziane t\u00eb b\u00ebnin tregti.Nd\u00ebrsa Raguza k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoj\u00eb lidhje bashk\u00ebpunimi dhe tregtie me Italin\u00eb e Jugut, Sicilin etj. Ai u d\u00ebrgua atje 10.II.1435 e mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte atje dhe dy muaj p\u00ebr t\u00eb ralizuar misionin e ngarkur nga Raguza q\u00eb ishte sigurimi i lidhjeve dhe marr\u00ebveshieve me Italin e Jugut,Sicilin etj. Nuk dihet se si p\u00ebrfundoiky mision i Gjon Gazullit n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e Jugut pasi ka shum\u00eb pak t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr t\u00eb. M\u00eb pastaj ai q\u00ebndron n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb deri n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin e vitit 1435.(9)\u00a0<\/sup>N\u00eb fillimin e vitit 1436 ai gjendet ne Oborrin e princit t\u00eb Sllovenis Matej Talovec\u00a0(10)<\/sup>\u00a0i cili posaqe kuror\u00ebzuar nga per\u00ebndori hungarez Sihgmundi q\u00eb sipas Prof. Jahja Dranqoll\u00ebs humanisti yn\u00eb e njihte Matej Talovecin, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht nga koha, kur kishte shkuar n\u00eb misionet e veta t\u00eb para diplomatike n\u00eb Itali pra q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1432.\u00a0(11)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Gjon Gazulli ka merit\u00ebn e madhe se e kishte mir\u00ebinformuar perandorin hungarez Sihgmundi dhe at\u00eb Slloven Matej Talovecin, p\u00ebr ngjarjet n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta misionet diplomatike shqiptare q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb oborrin e perandorit Hungarez dhe atij Slloven por k\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00ebllimi t\u00eb merrem dhe t\u00eb ndalemi tek ato. Gazulli p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb fundit 29 shkurt 1436 tek Matej Taloceci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gazulli banonte n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb dhe i sh\u00ebrbente k\u00ebsaj si ambassador, si do t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej m\u00eb pas edhe Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut.Ai ka q\u00ebn\u00eb me koh\u00eb aktiv p\u00ebr q\u00ebndres\u00ebn e shqip\u00ebris\u00eb duke ndikuar pran\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs dhe Hungaris\u00eb. Sipas Tadicit, po aty m\u00eb 1441 dhe 1445, ai ishte n\u00eb Rom\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur interest e nj\u00eb prifti katolik t\u00eb Serbis\u00eb. M\u00eb 1451, atje e d\u00ebrgoi Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu, p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar nga papa ndihma n\u00eb t\u00eb holla.(12)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1442 sipas Prof.\u00a0 Jahja dranqollit, pasi ishte kthyer nga Italia, gazulli gjendet prap\u00eb n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb ku s\u00ebbashku me disa antar\u00eb t\u00eb K\u00ebshillit Kishtar t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb transaksionme sht\u00ebpin\u00eb q\u00eb ja kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb trash\u00ebgim xhaxhai i tij\u00a0Matej Gazulli<\/span>\u00a0e p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb do t\u00eb flasim diku tjet\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb me republik\u00ebn e Raguz\u00ebs jan\u00eb tep\u00ebr t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari,<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Raguza ishte porti m\u00eb i af\u00ebrt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente si qend\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme informacioni p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr vendet e tjera t\u00eb krishtera.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti,<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Raguza ishte qend\u00ebr kryesore q\u00eb mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente si nd\u00ebrlidh\u00ebse me Hungarin\u00eb,\u00a0 me perendorin Sigizmund t\u00eb Hungaris.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb treti,<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Raguza kishte nj\u00eb num\u00ebr jo t\u00eb vog\u00ebl familjesh shqiptare q\u00eb gjendeshin dhe banonin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qytet dhe k\u00ebto familje kishin nj\u00eb pesh\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsihme e kishin b\u00ebr\u00eb vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb aristorkracin\u00eb e vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb kat\u00ebrti<\/span><\/b>, Raguza ishte nje vend prej nga mund t\u00eb siguroheshin t\u00eb ardhura p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn po mbi te gjitha armatimet.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pesti,<\/span><\/b>\u00a0Raguza mund t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente dhe si nj\u00eb vend i mundsh\u00ebm prej nga\u00a0 ku n\u00eb kushte t\u00ebper t\u00eb veshtira mund t\u00eb gjendej vend p\u00ebr familjen e princit shqiptar, pra n\u00eb rastin e nj\u00eb pushtimi t\u00ebmundsh\u00ebm nga osman\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb gjashti<\/span><\/b>, Raguza ishte nj\u00eb vend ku kishte nj\u00eb shtrat t\u00eb kahersh\u00ebm t\u00eb marrdh\u00ebnjeve nd\u00ebrshtet\u00ebrore edhe pse n\u00eb fillimin e kryengritjeve dhe luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut kund\u00ebr Osmaneve, Raguza nga ana e saj mbante nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim v\u00ebzhgues.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Krejt ndryshe ndodh me Gjon Gazullin q\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm i ndi\u00e7te me p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi ngjarjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri por kishte dhe nj\u00eb angazhim serioz p\u00ebr to e sidomos n\u00eb prezantimin e tij para Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, Sigizmundit t\u00eb Hungaris\u00eb apo mbretit t\u00eb Sllovenis, duke ndikuar drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e k\u00ebtyre vendeve me Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun.<\/span><\/p>\n

E pra n\u00eb k\u00ebto marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie nj\u00eb rol kyq luante familja Gazulli, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cil\u00ebs kryeheshin kontakte t\u00eb r\u00ebndesishme t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut me Raguz\u00ebn.Astronomi dhe diplomati i Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut Gjon Gazulli kujdesej p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje financiare dhe krijonte kontakte me Romen dhe Hungarin\u00eb.Ai p\u00ebrpi\u00e7ej t\u00eb sqaronte republik\u00ebn e Raguz\u00ebs m\u00eb 1455, pse e zgjeroi Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu Kepin e Rodonit n\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell.Familja Gazulli, e cila at\u00ebher\u00eb jetonte n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb i siguronte Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut para dhe teknologji lufte.(13)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb Gjon Gazulli q\u00eb v\u00eb n\u00eb dijeni Rom\u00ebn p\u00ebr \u201cbraktisjen\u201d e turqve nga ana e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut.P\u00ebr \u201cbraktisjen\u201d e turqve nga ana e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut do fliste dhe nje document raguzian i vitit 1451 n\u00eb fjalimet q\u00eb Joan Gazulli, i d\u00ebrguari i qytetit t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs te papa, do t\u00eb mbahej para tij n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb vitit 1451.\u00a0(14)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 27.X. 1436 Gjon Gazulli \u00ebsht\u00eb i d\u00ebrguari i Raguz\u00ebs tek Papa, q\u00eb t\u00eb fliste \u201cp\u00ebr pes\u00eb dit\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut n\u00eb oborirn e Rom\u00ebs, e mbasi t\u00eb ket\u00eb nxjerr lejen (p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nga ndihmat raguziane) e t\u00eb ket\u00eb fol p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut \u201ct\u00eb kthehet sa m\u00eb par\u00eb. N\u00ebse Gjoni nuk ka n\u00eb dor\u00eb \u201cbul\u00ebn\u201d (q\u00eb i jap Raguza) \u201ct\u00eb mos flas p\u00ebr pun\u00ebt e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut\u201d\u00a0(15)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Raguza kuptohet, duhet ti jepte Gjonit nj\u00eb autorizim special\u00a0 t\u00eb shkruar, por nuk ishte e vendosur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb akoma.(16)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb situat\u00ebn kur Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu luftonte i vet\u00ebm,vendet e tjera m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebzhgonin ngjarjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe nuk ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb ndihmon Gjergj Kastriotin. Duke par\u00eb ndoshta dhe me dyshim luft\u00ebn e tij, aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr pa dashur t\u00eb futen n\u00eb konflikt t\u00eb drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me osmanet, b\u00ebn q\u00eb gjendja n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri t\u00eb vij duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjon Gazulli \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb aktiv, sidomos me qeverin e tij ai i ndi\u00e7te me vemendje t\u00eb madhe ngjarjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe interesohej vazhdimisht p\u00ebr to, e mbi t\u00eb gjitha ishte ai q\u00eb i prezantonte k\u00ebto ngjarje kudo ku shkonte n\u00eb misionet e tij, diplomatike dhe shkencore.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1450 gjendja e shqiptar\u00ebve vinte duke u keq\u00ebsuar; qoft\u00eb nga d\u00ebmet e m\u00ebdha q\u00eb po shkaktonte ushtria turke, qoft\u00eb nga shpenzimet e shumta q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte lufta\u00a0 e gjat\u00eb, fundi i s\u00eb cill\u00ebs nuk dihej, qoft\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb fund ngase aleat\u00ebt e Beslidhjes\u00a0 s\u00eb Lezh\u00ebs\u00a0 po e braktisnin Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun njeri pas tjetrit.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb rrethanat kritike, Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu kreu nje hap t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm, i cili mundi t\u00eb merret dhe si nj\u00eb gur\u00eb diplomatik, por edhe si nj\u00eb akt d\u00ebshp\u00ebrimi. M\u00eb 14 tetor 1450 Augustin de Renieris, Proveditor Venedikas i Danjes, i shkruan Senatit t\u00eb Venedikut, se Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu kishte d\u00ebrguar tek ai priftin e vet, abating Laz\u00ebr, me propozimin q\u00eb t\u2019ia dhuronte Sinjor\u00ebsis Kruj\u00ebn, p\u00ebrndryshe, ngaq\u00eb gjendja e tij po keq\u00ebsohej vazhdimisht, do ishte i detyruar t\u2019ua dor\u00ebzonte turqve. Por p\u00ebr republik\u00ebn, sado q\u00eb dhurata ishte josh\u00ebse, po ta merrte n\u00eb dor\u00ebzim Kruj\u00ebn, do t\u00eb thoshte t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb luft\u00eb me Turqin\u00eb.P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye Senati refuzoi.\u201d(17)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Pas refuzimit kategorik t\u00eb Sinjoris\u00eb s\u00eb Venedikut, Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu, n\u00eb pamund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar financiarisht shpenzimet e luftes (v\u00ebsht\u00ebrsi t\u00eb shkaktuara sipas Gjon Gazullit jo vetem nga zgjatja e luft\u00ebs, por dhe nga largimi i aleat\u00ebve t\u00eb Beslidhjes s\u00eb L\u00ebzh\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kaluan n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Sulltanit), ai nisi n\u00eb raguz\u00eb, sipas relatorit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur raguzian, nj\u00eb ambasador p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar nga ajo ndihm\u00eb. Madje p\u00ebr t\u00eb shpejtuar procedurat e ndihm\u00ebs, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi shqiptar pak m\u00eb von\u00eb u nis vet\u00eb n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb, duke marr\u00eb me vete disa letra t\u00eb Nikoll\u00ebs V, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat Papa nxiste raguzian\u00ebt, q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmonin financiarisht Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun. Raguza shkuan relatori raguzian, vendosi \u201ct\u00eb d\u00ebrgonte nje ndihnm\u00eb dhe subvensione t\u00eb mira n\u00eb t\u00eb holla.\u201d(18)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

I menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm dhe i vendosur b\u00ebhet\u00a0 q\u00ebndrimi i Raguz\u00ebs, e cila jo vet\u00ebm ndi\u00e7te me v\u00ebmendje dhe me nj\u00eb interesim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ngjarjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri por i p\u00ebrcillte ato edhe n\u00eb diplamacit\u00eb e vendeve te tjera. Pas vajtjes s\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut n\u00eb Raguza, n\u00eb dhjetorin e viti 1450, pra pas rrethimit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Kruj\u00ebs q\u00eb kishte rezultuar i pa suksessh\u00ebm p\u00ebr turqit, marrdh\u00ebniet diplomatike midis Raguz\u00ebs dhe Shqip\u00ebris hyn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb re dhe m\u00eb pastaj ato z\u00ebn\u00eb vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb ngjarjet e koh\u00ebs, Raguza u b\u00eb nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme edhe p\u00ebrsai p\u00ebrket sigurimit t\u00eb burimeve financiare dhe mjeteve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb republika e Raguz\u00ebs q\u00eb i afron ndihm\u00eb t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme finaciar\u00eb sipas Prof. Jahja Dranqollit qeveria raguziane i dha shum\u00ebn prej 500 dukat\u00ebsh.(19)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Sipas Gjon Gazullit shuma e t\u00eb hollave duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb q\u00ebn\u00eb e konsiderueshme mbasi me to, thot\u00eb ai, Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu p\u00ebrballoi shpenzimet, t\u00eb cilat i dhan\u00eb atij mund\u00ebsin\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb mbronte qytetin e Kruj\u00ebs, por dhe t\u00eb shtinte n\u00eb dor\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb zot\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb veta.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Konteksti i situat\u00ebs reale, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu detyrohej t\u00eb b\u00ebnte aktin n\u00eb\u00a0dukje \u201cBefasues\u201d t\u00eb afrimit t\u00eb qytetit t\u00eb Kruj\u00ebs. Signjoris pik\u00ebrisht mbas heqjes s\u00eb rrethimit te Kruj\u00ebs mund t\u00eb shtjellohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrthort\u00eb prej nj\u00eb fjalimi q\u00eb Joan Gazulli, i d\u00ebrguar i qytetit t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs te papa, do t\u00eb mbante para tij n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb 1451-shit.\u00a0(20)<\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Gjendjen kritike t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut n\u00eb vitin 1450 e ndri\u00e7on nj\u00eb relacion i ambasadorit t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs n\u00eb rom\u00eb Gjon Gazullit (nj\u00eb humanist me origjin\u00eb shqiptare, v\u00ebllai i ambasadorit t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb, Pal Gazullit) d\u00ebrguar Pap\u00ebs Nikolla V, m\u00eb 27 shkurt 1451,disa muaj m\u00eb pare, pasi mori fund rrethimi i Kruj\u00ebs.<\/span>\u00a0N\u00eb relacion theksohet tekstualisht:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin e kaluar erdhi i th\u00ebni \u201cTurk\u201d dhe i biri i tij kund\u00ebr Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut dhe aleateve te tij me ushtri shum\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme dhe me mjete luftarake. Vet\u00eb aleat\u00ebt e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut u bashkuan me turkun. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu i humbi t\u00eb gjitha tokat e veta, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 Kruj\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn Turku nuk mundi ta shtinte n\u00eb dor\u00eb p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsis s\u00eb maleve dhe k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs s\u00eb atij vendi, dhe besnik\u00ebris s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb ishin aty brenda\u201d.(21)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu me gjith\u00eb rrethimin e gjat\u00eb q\u00eb vazhdoi gati pes\u00eb muaj dhe me gjith\u00eb perdorimin e mjeteve moderne, sulltani nuk e shtiu dot n\u00eb dor\u00eb Kruj\u00ebn, mbasi mbajt\u00ebsit e saj, si\u00e7 shkruante n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e tij Gjon Gazulli: \u201cluftuan aq sa e detyruan Turkun t\u00eb hiqte rrethimin, nga\u00a0 qyteti i Kruj\u00ebs\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mos marrja e Kruj\u00ebs prej turqve ndikoi n\u00eb forcimin e vetbesimit t\u00eb ushtris\u00eb shqiptare dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha e ngriti shum\u00eb lart autoritetin e Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut si n\u00eb territoret shqiptar po dhe n\u00eb diplomacit\u00eb Ballkanike dhe ato Europiane.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga k\u00ebshillat e dh\u00ebna me 27 shkurt 1451 Joan Gazullit prej senatit t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs kuptohet q\u00eb papa\u00a0 kishte ngulmuar pran\u00ebRepublik\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Vlashit (Raguz\u00ebs) p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar e mb\u00ebshtetur dhe\u00a0 at\u00eb.\u00a0(22)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Me synimin e ralizimit t\u00eb programit tij, Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu arrin n\u00eb dhjetor t\u00eb vitit 1450 n\u00eb Raguz dhe k\u00ebrkon ndihm\u00ebn e Shuteriqit, pohon q\u00eb patjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb takuar me Gjon Gazullin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0Meq\u00ebn\u00ebse negociatat me qeverin\u00eb vendikase nuk dhan\u00eb r\u00ebzultat Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu iu drejtua p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb mbretit aragonas Alfonsi V, i cili ishte kund\u00ebr aspiratave pushtuese osmane n\u00eb Gadishullin e Ballkait, si dhe kund\u00ebr mbizot\u00ebrimit t\u00eb Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Venedikut n\u00eb Adriatik. Perfaq\u00ebsuesi i Alfonsit V dhe Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu lidhen marrv\u00ebshjen \u201c Gaet\u00eb\u201d, m\u00eb 26.III.1951.(23)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAlfonsi u angazhua se do ta mbronte Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun, familjen dhe farefisin e tij, se do t\u00eb ndihmonte me ushtri, me t\u00eb holla dhe do ti respektonte privilegjet q\u00eb i kishte pasur e t\u00ebr\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria. Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu u zotua se mbretin Alfons do ta njihte si\u00a0z\u00ebrin<\/span>\u00a0n\u00eb rastet, kur do ti afrohej ndihma ushtarake n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr pushtuesve osman\u00eb. Detyrimet q\u00eb i mori mbi vete, t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt u plot\u00ebsuan vet\u00ebm pjes\u00ebrisht. Alfonsi V, pas n\u00ebnshkrimit t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes, d\u00ebrgoi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi ushtarake prej 100 ushtar\u00ebsh, e cila u vendos n\u00eb Kruj\u00eb, Mir\u00ebpo Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu nuk e b\u00ebri betimin e besnik\u00ebris\u00eb ndaj mbretit Aragonas Alfonsi V.\u201d\u00a0(24)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Strategu dhe udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i kryengritjeve shqiptare, duke marr\u00eb parasysh namin dhe cil\u00ebsit\u00eb e larta t\u00eb Gjon Gazullit, e caktoi at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mission special, q\u00eb n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb tij t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb Vatikan. Vajtjen e Gjon Gazullit n\u00eb Vatikan e shfryt\u00ebzuan dhe raguzian\u00ebt p\u00ebr interesat e veta.(25)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSipas nj\u00eb vendimi q\u00eb mban dat\u00ebn 27.II.1451, ata e angazhuan Gazullin n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Senatit t\u00eb luste Papa Nikolla V, q\u00eb ky me autoritetin e vet t\u00eb b\u00ebnte t\u00eb mundur lirimin e qytetit te Raguz\u00ebs nga tatimet e zakonshme p\u00ebr vitin jubilat, k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb Raguzian\u00ebt e b\u00ebnin me pretekstin se kishin merita t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e interesit t\u00eb krishterimit, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti p\u00ebr popullarizimin e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut. Papa duke q\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebrec t\u00eb ngjarjeve, b\u00ebri zgjidhjen q\u00eb ti k\u00ebnaqte t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 13.IV.1451 Papa Nikolla V urdh\u00ebron Ipeshk\u00ebvin e Kotorrit, Bonin de Tolentis dhe Vikarin e Arqipeshk\u00ebvis s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, Gjon Gazullin, rektor i Kish\u00ebs\u00a0 s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Pjetrit, q\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebs s\u00eb fituar\u00a0 nga indulgjencat e vitit jubilar 1450 t\u2019ia dor\u00ebzoj\u00eb Gjegj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut ose njer\u00ebzve dhe besnik\u00ebve t\u00eb tij,\u201czot i Kruj\u00ebs e i Arb\u00ebnis\u00eb\u201d, vazhdimisht po u q\u00ebndron me trim\u00ebri dhe guxim turq\u00ebve dhe po lufton me ta\u201d.\u00a0(26)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 25.V.1451 Papa Nikola V kishte ngarkuar Gjon Gazullin, Bonin de Tolentis, e nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur t\u00eb holla nga induligjencat q\u00eb i b\u00ebn papa popullit, n\u00eb qytetin e Raguz\u00ebs e n\u00ebp\u00ebr krahina t\u00eb ndryshme. Gazulli ka shkuar t\u00eb vizitoj\u00eb \u201cmagnificus Georgius Cstriottus\u201d (\u00ebsht\u00eb dhe emri \u201cSk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbe\u201d) p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mosmarrveshjeve me duken Stefan (t\u00eb Bosnj\u00ebs), po sidomos p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb murtaj\u00ebs q\u00eb po rrezikon vendin, shpallja e indulgjenc\u00ebs t\u00eb shtyhet, por afati t\u00eb mos kaloj\u00eb t\u00eb gjasht\u00eb muajt. (Radonic 41.Jorga , NotesII 448 ).(27)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb18.III.1452 Eugjen Summa, \u201cEpiskop Prokurator i gjith\u00eb Arb\u00ebris, n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb madh\u00ebnishmit dhe t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyeshmit zotit Gjergj Kastrioti, Alias Skand\u00ebrbeg\u201d, komandon dhe me let\u00ebr t\u00eb kapedanit t\u00eb Lezh\u00ebs, merr n\u00eb noteri dhe kancelari t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs, nga dora e Bonin de Tolentis, vikar i Arqipeshkvit Jakob t\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs dhe nga mjeshtri Gjon Gazulli, tagra mbledh\u00ebs i d\u00ebrguar nga Selia Apostolike, 4893 perper\u00eb q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut. Ato jan\u00eb nxjerr nga dhuratat e vitit 1451, dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr ndjesit\u00eb e shpalluara nga papa Nikola i V, pasi jan\u00eb zbritur shpenzimet e b\u00ebra.(Radoni\u00e7. 51.)<\/span>(28)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

18 Mars 1452<\/span><\/p>\n

Procesverbal i mbajtur n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb m\u00eb 18 mars 1452, i cili v\u00ebrteton se amabasadori i Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut, Peshkopi Andrea Suma ka t\u00ebrhequr shum\u00ebn 4893 dukat\u00eb ar\u00eb grumbulluar me nism\u00ebn e selis\u00eb apostolike, si ndihme p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e shqiptar\u00ebve kund\u00ebr invazioneve osmane<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb prani t\u00eb: Niksa de Giue, zotit Marku e zotit Nikoll\u00eb Salomoni, mjeshtri Gjon Matia, mjek, ciroik, rrogtar nga komuna e Raguz\u00ebs, Forte Antoni nga Kursola, Luk de Florentina, Filip de Arimino, Karlu\u00e7 Aluizi nga Marfredonia duke pasur d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb e t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm, t\u00eb thirrur e t\u00eb pyetur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, aty i p\u00ebrnderuari n\u00eb Krishtin at zot Andrea Suma. Peshkop, prokurator shum\u00eb i denj\u00eb i\u00a0 gjith\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris, p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb zotit e t\u00eb Selis\u00eb Apostolike, e prokurator me emer t\u00eb madh\u00ebrishmit e t\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyerit zotit Gjergj Kastrioti i quajtur Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbe, i paisur\u00a0 me mandat\u00eb t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm, sikur del nga prokura shkruar me shkres\u00eb publike dhe shpallur nga dora e burrit t\u00eb urt\u00eb Mikel de Nikolai, i noterit me autoritet publik t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebshem e tani kancelar i Lezh\u00eb., N\u00eb mij\u00ebvje\u00e7arin dhe n\u00eb indeksionin e tanish\u00ebm data e sakt\u00eb, 18 shkurt, dhe duke q\u00ebn\u00eb i rekomanduar\u00a0 me an\u00eb t\u00eb letr\u00ebs s\u00eb zotit kapidan t\u00eb Lezh\u00ebs, t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkres\u00eb, me vule autentiket\u00eb qeveris\u00eb s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Markut, q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb d\u00ebshmi p\u00ebr ligjshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e noterit e t\u00eb kancelarit t\u00eb mbith\u00ebn\u00eb, si shihet e lexohet nga un\u00eb, noter i n\u00ebn\u00ebshkruar, d\u00ebshmoi dhe tregoi i k\u00ebnaqur se po merre n\u00eb dorzim n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb prokurorit t\u00eb sip\u00ebrp\u00ebrmendur dhe n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb tij.\u00a0 P<\/a>ranonte se i jan\u00eb dhen\u00eb gjithsej nj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb t\u00eb num\u00ebruara me dor\u00eb nga t\u00eb nderuarit et\u00ebr n\u00eb Krishtin zot\u00ebrinjt Bonino de Telenti, Vikar i shum\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrndriturit\u00a0 kryepeshkopit raguzian dhe nga mjeshtri Gjon Gazulli, tagrambledhes e mbikqyr\u00ebs\u00a0 t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nga selia apostolike, e zbatues\u00a0 t\u00eb letr\u00ebs apostolike\u00a0 dh\u00ebn e t\u00eb lejuar p\u00ebr Jubilen\u00eb e shenjt\u00eb. K\u00ebta kan\u00eb dergjur e kan\u00eb dorzuar, dukat\u00eb, moneta, rauba, perpera 4893, sa i p\u00ebrkasin Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut si t\u00eb holla t\u00eb tij, duke nxjerr domosdo shpenzimet e b\u00ebra p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrblimin e plot t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsis s\u00eb tij; dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb duhet ta marr\u00eb n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb koncensionit\u00a0 t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb\u00a0 nga selia apostolike, nga t\u00eb gjitha dhuratat\u00a0 e kontributet e para t\u00eb mbledhura, ta nxjerra, t\u00eb marra – me rastin e Jubileut\u00a0 sipas bulave apostolikeq\u00eb kan\u00eb ardhur p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim, t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb vitin e zotit 1451, 18 prill, viti i pest\u00eb i pantifikatit t\u00eb Zoit ton\u00eb\u00a0 Shenjt\u00eb Papa Nikolla V. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, ai zoti Peshkop, me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij si procurator, si m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, i b\u00ebri zot\u00ebri Vikarit e zot\u00ebri Mjesht\u00ebr Johan, tagrambledh\u00ebs, mbik\u00ebqyr\u00ebs dhe zbatues t\u00eb shkresave t\u00eb sip\u00ebrth\u00ebna, p\u00ebrfundimin e detyr\u00ebs, leht\u00ebsimin, qet\u00ebsimin, zgjidhjen dhe paktin n\u00eb baz\u00eb\u00a0 t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit ai nuk do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj nga nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsia e b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb rastin e Jubileut\u00a0 t\u00eb sip\u00ebrpaguar gje tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb ti p\u00ebrkas zotit Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbe, q\u00eb rrjedh ngat\u00eb hyrat dhe t\u00eb ardhurat e b\u00ebra me at\u00eb rast, t\u00eb nxjerra nga t\u00eb gjithe e nga secili, t\u00eb mbajtura prej tyre n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh kohe. Gjithashtuheq dor\u00eb nga \u00e7do e drejt ose veprim dhei zgjidh e i liroj ato zot\u00ebrinj tagrambledh\u00ebs, ekzaktor e zbatues t\u00eb bulave apostolike nga t\u00eb gjitha e nga cdo detyrim tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet nga t\u00eb sip\u00ebrth\u00ebn\u00ebt. Dhe u siguron me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij si procurator, se as ai e asnj\u00eb procurator tjet\u00ebr i zotit Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbe, as trashigimtar e pasardh\u00ebs i tij nuk do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nuk do t\u00eb lyp\u00eb nga ata tagrambledh\u00ebs, ekzekutor s\u00eb bashku ose nga secili prej tyre dhe kurr kund\u00ebr tyre nuk do t\u00eb ngrihet \u00e7\u00ebshtje q\u00eb u tha m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. \u00c7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb u shkrua do t\u00eb forcohet me firma dhe do t\u00eb ratifikohetme mirenjohje duke renovuar \u00e7do ligj, statut e t\u00eb drejt ndihme t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebshme n\u00eb rast se del ndonj\u00eb kontradikt\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Kjo let\u00ebr t\u00eb mos hapet pa d\u00ebshmitar.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

Kjo let\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb botuar p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb shqip nga Kristo Frash\u00ebri n\u00eb botimin e Akademis s\u00eb Shkencave t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u201cSk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu dhe lufta shqiptaro-turke n\u00eb shek. XV\u201d (V\u00ebll.I Tiran 2005. )(29)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 8.II.1453 Vladislavi i Bosnjes (djali i stefanit) i p\u00ebrgjigjet Raguz\u00ebs se nuk ka gj\u00eb kund\u00ebr saj dhe se e kan\u00eb mashtruar. Raguza i lutet q\u00eb t\u00eb mos vij\u00eb atje. ambasador \u00ebsht\u00eb Gjon Gazulli, t\u00eb cilit i jepen 40 perper\u00eb dhurat\u00eb n\u00ebstof.Jorga, Notes II 486, sh.1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb dokument t\u00eb dat\u00ebs 19.XII.1455 Gjon Gazullin e gjejm\u00eb s\u00ebrish ambasador t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb humanisti dhe diplomati yn\u00eb i shquar\u00a0 u angazhua\u00a0 p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjen\u00a0 e liris\u00eb,\u00a0 lidhur me lundrimin\u00a0 e raguzian\u00ebve n\u00eb limanin e rodonit, i cili n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e luft\u00ebs s\u00eb popullit shqiptar me Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun n\u00eb krye,\u00a0 paraqet rol me r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr eksportin\u00a0 dhe improtin\u00a0 e Republik\u00ebs n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr Gazullin n\u00eb vitet 1453-67 jepet nj\u00eb biografi kryesisht t\u00eb karakterit arkival,\u00a0Pal, Rapporti it.-alb 160, sh. 154.<\/span>\u00a0Ne ato vite ai ka q\u00ebn\u00eb ambasador\u00a0 i Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut\u00a0 n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb (IX.53), te papa Nikolla V(II. 1454), te duka i Bolonjes dhe tek ai i Milanos (1456) p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb rom\u00eb (15.II.1458), p\u00ebr tu kthyer\u00a0 n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb (III-IV. 1459) m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb Venedik (XII.1463)\u00a0 dhe p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb Rom\u00eb (IV. 1465) ishte nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb besuarit bashk\u00ebpuntor t\u00eb princit shqiptar te papa, sa her\u00eb vajti, mori ndihma n\u00eb t\u00eb holla p\u00ebr Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeun. (Shif Jorga, Notes II 485, Archiv. Stor.it. CXIV 732; Gelcich- Tha lloczy, Diplomatarum Ragus.745; Radoni\u00e7 178, 181-2; Miklosich, Mon. Serb. 481-3; LjubiaeX 293, e quajn De gazolis, de Gazolis.(30)<\/sup><\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1457 Gjergj Pleini, s\u00eb bashku me Gjon Gazullin \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur si an\u00ebtar t\u00eb nj\u00eb misioni diplomatik n\u00eb itali.(31)<\/sup>\u00a0N\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar ndihma n\u00eb t\u00eb hola, Pelini n\u00eb misionin diplomatik t\u00eb 1457 shkoj n\u00eb rom\u00eb te Papa Klalisti II, kurse nje vit m\u00eb von\u00eb e gjejm\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb pajtimin midis Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut dhe Venedikut.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjon Gazulli mund t\u00eb quhet \u201cdiplomat profesionist\u201d, duke q\u00ebn\u00eb se qysh n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e l\u00ebvizjeve kryengrit\u00ebse t\u00eb prij\u00ebsve arb\u00ebr m\u00eb 1432 ai del t\u00eb ket\u00eb sherbyer si ambasador\u00a0 i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Raguz\u00ebs pran\u00eb Perendorit Sigismund.(32)<\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n

Raguza ka pasur vazhimisht marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyera me shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e pa diskutim Gjon Gazulli \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb factor i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb krijimin dhe q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve. Ai ishte qytetar i qytetit t\u00eb raguz\u00ebs me gjak shqiptari, i cili p\u00ebrcillte me interesim te madh ngjarjet n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjon Gazulli shfaqet si nj\u00eb person me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb rralla n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e diplomacis e shquhet si nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr diplomat\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb zot\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Vet\u00eb situate e krijuar dhe aktiviteti i tij i gj\u00ebr\u00eb dhe i spikatur b\u00ebn\u00eb q\u00eb ai t\u00eb hynte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive n\u00eb zgjidhjen e mjaft ngjarjeve politike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Nd\u00ebrsa vendet ballkanike b\u00ebnin rezistenc\u00eb ndaj gjendjes s\u00eb krijuar nga sulmet e drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb Turqve, qarqet diplomatike europiane dhe shtetet e Europes zhvillonin nj\u00eb aktivitet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb diplomatik, kund\u00ebr deportimit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb osman\u00ebve prandaj ato nxisnin dhe p\u00ebrktrahnin rezistenc\u00ebn e popujve t\u00eb ballkanit e kjo ishte e lidhur drejt\u00ebp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb interesave t\u00eb tyre e n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb liris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre. Dihet se qendra kryesore e kesaj diplomacie ishte Roma dhe vendet e tjera te Italis\u00eb dhe n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr Hungaria N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb veprimtari politike dihet se rolin kryesor e kan\u00eb luajtur intelektualet e koh\u00ebs, njerzit e shkolluar e sidomos ato q\u00eb ishin shkolluar n\u00eb shkollat e k\u00ebtyre vendeve.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb misionet diplomatike jan\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar shum\u00eb personalitete diplomatike por Gjon Gazulli \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mission specilal, q\u00eb n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut t\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb Vatikan e k\u00ebt\u00eb shpesh e shfrut\u00ebzon dhe Raguza p\u00ebr interesat e veta, ai shquhej p\u00ebr shkatht\u00ebsin\u00eb\u00a0 dhe inteligjenc\u00ebn e tij.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nuk u ndal\u00ebm k\u00ebtu n\u00eb fjalimin e mbajtur prej Gjon Gazullit n\u00eb Prani t\u00eb Papa Nikoll\u00ebs V, n\u00eb rom\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1451 pasi ai fjalim \u00ebsht\u00eb botuar i plot\u00eb n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Leka, Shkod\u00ebr, nr, 1-2, 1939 (shtojc\u00eb). Prof. Pal Nikolli e cil\u00ebson Gjon Gazullin si figur\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb shqaurat e diplomacis dhe shkenc\u00ebs europiane t\u00eb shek. t\u00eb XV-t\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Literatura<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Libarstatutorum civitatisRagusii composites anno 1272, ed. V. Bogisic et C. Jere\u00e7ek, in Monumenta historic-juridica Slovorum meridionalium, vol. IX, Zagrabiae, MCMIV, Lib. II, XXIV, p. 46-\u201cSialiquis nuncius vel nuncio mitterantur Dyrachium, habere debeat unusquisque ipsorum yperperos septem et lignum et engarios a comuni\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>HAD, Miscellanea saec. XIII; Dran\u00e7olli, J. bashk\u00ebpunimi n\u00eb dit\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, p. 13, Rilindja, 2. III. 1985.<\/span><\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Radoni\u00e7, J.\u00a0 \u201cDjuradj Kasrtriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbegi Arbanija u XV veku, 70\u201d; Jere\u00e7ek, K.\u00a0 Istoria Sarba I, 360, Beograd, 1978.<\/span><\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Dran\u00e7olli, Jahja. \u201cGjin Gazulli astronom dhe diplomat i shekullit XV\u201d fq. 58, Prishtin\u00eb,1984.<\/span><\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cHylli I Drit\u00ebs\u201d, nr 7-9, fq, 400, 1940. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cFjalori Enciklopedik shqiptar\u201d V\u00ebllimi I, Tiran\u00eb, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Dran\u00e7olli, Jahja. \u201cGjin Gazulli astronom dhe diplomat i shekullit XV\u201d fq. 58, Prishtin\u00eb, 1984.<\/span><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479, fq. 83 Shtepia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>J. Tadi\u00e7, \u201cJohannes Gazuli 440\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

10.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Sihgmundi, AHD, Lettere et commissioner Leventis XII, Fol. 16; J Tadi\u00e7, \u201cJohannes Gazuli\u201d 440.<\/span><\/p>\n

11.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Dran\u00e7olli, Jahja. \u201cGjin Gazulli astronom dhe diplomat i shekullit XV\u201d fq. 58, Prishtin\u00eb, 1984.<\/span><\/p>\n

12.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479, fq. 94, Shtepia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

13.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Dran\u00e7olli, Jahja. \u201cPrania e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb gjat\u00eb shek. XIII- XV\u201d, \u201cGjurmime albanologjike\u201d, \u201cSeria e shkencave historike\u201d, I. XV, fq.39-60, 16-1986, Prishtin\u00eb, 1987, ,<\/span><\/p>\n

14.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Plasari, Aurel. \u201c Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu nj\u00eb histori politike\u201d fq. 307, Tiran\u00eb 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

15.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Gelcich\u2013Thalloczy, Diplomatarium Raguz. 568-7, Radoni\u00e7 38, Jorga , Notes II446. Sh.1<\/span><\/p>\n

16.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479, fq. 166, Shtepia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2006 .<\/span><\/p>\n

17.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Frash\u00ebri, Kristo. \u201cGjergj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu, jeta dhe vepra\u201d (1405-1468) f q. 171, Tiran\u00eb, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

18.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Frash\u00ebri, Kristo. \u201cGjergj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu jeta dhe vepra\u201d (1405-1468) f q. 171, Tiran\u00eb, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

19.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Dran\u00e7olli, Jahja. \u201cPrania e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb gjat\u00eb shek. XIII- XV\u201d, \u201cGjurmime albanologjike\u201d, Seria e shkencave historike I. XV, fq. 69, 16-1986, Prishtin\u00eb, 1987.<\/span><\/p>\n

20.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Plasari, Aurel. \u201cSk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu nj\u00eb histori politike\u201d, fq. 307, Tiran\u00eb, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

21.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Frash\u00ebri, Kristo. \u201cGjergj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu jeta dhe vepra\u201d (1405-1468) f q. 170, Tiran\u00eb, 2002.<\/span><\/p>\n

22.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Plasari, Aurel. \u201cSk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu nj\u00eb histori politike\u201d, fq. 307 Tiran\u00eb, 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

23.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cBurime t\u00eb zgjedhura p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb II\u201d,fq. 308,Tiran\u00eb, 1962<\/span><\/p>\n

24.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Dran\u00e7olli, Jahja. \u201cPrania e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb Raguz\u00eb gjat\u00eb sheku. XIII- XV, \u201cGjurmime albanologjike\u201d, Seria e shkencave historike I. XV, fq.69, 16-1986, Prishtin, 1987.<\/span><\/p>\n

25.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Radoni\u00e7, J.\u00a0\u00a0Djuradj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeg<\/span>, 21 s.<\/span><\/p>\n

26.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Bullarium FranciscanumI 1071. Radoni\u00e7 40 Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479\u201d Shtepia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

27.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d,\u00a0p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479<\/i>, Sht\u00ebpia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, fq. 168, Tiran\u00eb, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

28.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479\u201d, fq. 176 Sht\u00ebpia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

29.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Frash\u00ebri, Kristo. \u201cSk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeu dhe lufta shqiptaro-turke n\u00eb shek., XV\u201d, V\u00ebl. I, fq. 66, \u201cAkademis s\u00eb shkencave t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2005.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

30.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Shutertiqi, Dhimit\u00ebr. \u201cMoti i Madh\u201d\u00a0p\u00ebrmbledhje sh\u00ebnimesh e dokumentesh p\u00ebr historin\u00eb shqiptare t\u00eb viteve 1379-1479<\/i>, fq. 176 Sht\u00ebpia botuese \u201cDituria\u201d, Tiran\u00eb, 2006.<\/span><\/p>\n

31.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Berisha, Gjon. \u201cArbnor\u00ebt nd\u00ebrmjet kish\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore dhe asaj lindore gjat shekullit XI_XV\u201d, fq. 554, Prishtin\u00eb, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n

32.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u201cDiplomatarium relationum Reipublicae Ragus\u201d, 368-369 (DAD)<\/span><\/p>\n

33.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Nikolli, Pal. Llusku, Bib. Gazeta Rilindja, Tiran\u00eb, nr 582, fq. 77, maj 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Gjon Marku\u00a0 Nj\u00ebri nd\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtjet m\u00eb kryesore t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb Gjergj Kastriot Sk\u00ebnd\u00ebrbeut ishin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet diplomatike si nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb cil\u00ebt zhvillonin aktivitete\u00a0 nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare n\u00ebmunges\u00eb t\u00eb prezenc\u00ebs s\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit shqiptar\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7251,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7250","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori-gjeografi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7250"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7250\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7252,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7250\/revisions\/7252"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/7251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}