{"id":5073,"date":"2015-04-18T14:54:26","date_gmt":"2015-04-18T14:54:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=5073"},"modified":"2015-04-18T14:54:26","modified_gmt":"2015-04-18T14:54:26","slug":"shba-ura-porta-e-arte-ne-kaliforni-nje-veprat-me-brilante-te-inxhinierise-se-ndertimit-te-urave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=5073","title":{"rendered":"SHBA: Ura Porta e Art\u00eb n\u00eb Kaliforni – nj\u00eb veprat m\u00eb brilante t\u00eb inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb urave"},"content":{"rendered":"

Beqir SINA, New York<\/em><\/p>\n

Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur nga Shoqata e inxhinier\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga Mrekulllit\u00eb e bot\u00ebs moderne<\/p>\n

SAN FRANCIKO CA-<\/strong>\u00a0Ura Porta e Art\u00eb u nd\u00ebrtua n\u00eb pjes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0ngusht\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb dy brigjeve t\u00eb\u00a0ujit q\u00eb rrjedh n\u00eb mes t\u00eb gadishullit, bregut\u00a0San Franciskos dhe West Marin,\u00a0q\u00eb lidhen mes tyre me ujrat e lumenj\u00ebve\u00a0Ice Age dhe nga uj\u00ebrat e lumenj\u00ebve Sacramento dhe San Joaquin q\u00eb\u00a0kalojn\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00a0nj\u00eb kanal t\u00eb thell\u00eb p\u00ebrmes shk\u00ebmbinjeve n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr n\u00eb oqean. Kjo ngushtic\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth tre\u00a0milje\u00a0e gjat\u00eb nga nj\u00eb milje t\u00eb gjer\u00eb,\u00a0e njohur edhe p\u00ebr thell\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj, mes batic\u00ebs dhe zbatic\u00ebs\u00a0s\u00eb\u00a0rrymave t\u00eb fuqishme, t\u00eb\u00a0Oqeanit Paq\u00ebsor duke filluar nga 4,5-dhe 7,5 nyje.<\/p>\n

E rrethuar shpesh pothuajse gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit\u00a0nga mjegulla, ngushtica ishte \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht\u00a0e “pakapsh\u00ebme” p\u00ebr eksploruesit e hershme t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 16 -t\u00eb, europian\u00ebve, Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo dhe Sir Francis Drake, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ngrit\u00ebn kampin e tyre dhe\u00a0ishin t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb nis\u00ebn eksplorimin e dy brigjeve;\u00a0Drenush\u00eb e Art\u00eb\u00a0dhe West Marin n\u00eb qershor 1577. V\u00ebzhgimi i par\u00eb, p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e ur\u00ebs q\u00eb do t\u00eb lidhte dy brigjet thuhet se ndodhi gati 200 vjet\u00a0m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Deri n\u00eb vitet 1840, ngushtica u quajt “Boca del Puerto de San Francisco,” (Goja e Portit t\u00eb San Franciskos).<\/strong><\/p>\n

M\u00eb 1 korrik 1846, dy vjet para zbulimit t\u00eb arit n\u00eb Kaliforni kapiteni i ushtris\u00eb amerikane John C. Fremont\u00a0duke b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb eksplorim\u00a0n\u00eb ngushtic\u00ebn e ngusht\u00eb q\u00eb ndan gjirin\u00a0me Oqeanin Paq\u00ebsor, tha se “ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb port\u00eb e art\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00a0tregtin\u00eb me Orientin.\u00a0“Emri i par\u00eb, i k\u00ebsaj ure\u00a0u shfaq n\u00eb biografin\u00a0e saj\u00a0gjeografike, dhe\u00a0paraqitet n\u00eb Senatin amerikan m\u00eb 5 Qershor 1948, kur ai shkroi,” p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb Port\u00eb duke\u00a0dh\u00ebn emrin e “Chrysopylae” ose “Golden Gate”, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat arsye q\u00eb porta e\u00a0Bizanti quhej Chrysoceras, apo Golden Horn “.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mbr\u00ebmjen e diel, 27 Maj 2012,\u00a0\u00a0dit\u00ebn kur n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, po festohej Dita e P\u00ebrkujtimit t\u00eb, t\u00eb R\u00ebn\u00ebve – Memorial Day, n\u00eb San Francisko – Kaliforni me nj\u00eb masiv fishekzjarresh dhe nj\u00eb shfaqje spektakolare u sh\u00ebnua 75-vjetori i Ur\u00ebs Golden Gate Bridge – Ura Porta e Art\u00eb. Sipas gazet\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb San Francisko “SFGate” dhjetra mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz ishin mbledhur n\u00eb dy an\u00ebt e brigjeve t\u00eb gjirit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shikuar k\u00ebt\u00eb ngjarje etuziaste, e cila u shoq\u00ebrua, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb koncerte me muzik\u00eb live, stenda t\u00eb artit, parada me vark\u00eb, dhe anijet luftarake dhe parakalimin e formacioneve t\u00eb forcave policore, zjarr\u00ebfiksve si dhe nj\u00eb demostrim me aeroplan dhe parshutist\u00eb nga qielli.<\/p>\n

Tre vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrast t\u00eb fort\u00eb me mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz q\u00eb ishin mbledhur t\u00eb festonin, an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e grupit Fondacioni Hekurudhor Ura – Bridge Rail Foundation,, nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb e p\u00ebrkushtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndalur hedhjet vet\u00ebvras\u00ebse nga ura, n\u00eb nj\u00eb shfaqje p\u00ebrkujtimi n\u00eb bregun lindor t\u00eb saj ekspozuan 1.558 pal\u00eb k\u00ebpuc\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson numrin e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb vdiq\u00ebn q\u00eb nga hapja e saj –\u00a075 vjet\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Mbasi kjo “\u00cbsht\u00eb, par\u00eb si\u00a0nj\u00eb simbol i s\u00eb keqes s\u00eb k\u00ebsaj ure, sa i thell\u00eb dhe serioz ky problem ka qen\u00eb, prej nga dita e inagurimit t\u00eb saj” tha Paul Muller, nj\u00eb z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs p\u00ebr grupin Bridge Rail Foundation duke shtuar se:”Ne jemi ende duke humbur 30 deri n\u00eb 35 nj\u00ebr\u00ebz n\u00eb vit brenda dhe jasht\u00eb ur\u00ebs,” tha ai.<\/p>\n

Festimet p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ur\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do vit t\u00eb bukura dhe interesante, ato mbledhin rreth saj mij\u00ebra amerikan dhe turist\u00eb t\u00eb huaj\u00a0q\u00eb vin\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht\u00a0n\u00eb San Francisco,\u00a0n\u00eb festimet t\u00eb p\u00ebrvjetorit \u00e7do\u00a0p\u00ebrvjetori t\u00eb Golden Gate Bridge<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autoritetet e San Franciskos thon\u00eb se kur vjen maji,\u00a0 n\u00eb dy brigjet q\u00eb lidh ura mbahen nj\u00eb seri e gjat\u00eb festivalesh, eventesh e turesh\u00a0q\u00eb e\u00a0gjall\u00ebrojn\u00eb zon\u00ebn af\u00ebr ur\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dat\u00eb q\u00eb sh\u00ebnon nd\u00ebrtimin e saj. Mbasi sipas tyre Ura Porta e Art\u00eb – Golden Gate Bridge \u00ebsht\u00eb simboli i San Franciskos dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga urat m\u00eb t\u00eb bukura e m\u00eb t\u00eb fotografuara n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb 2,71 kilometra e gjat\u00eb. Kur p\u00ebrfundoi n\u00eb 1937, ajo ishte ura m\u00eb e madhe dhe m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb tani ajo renditet n\u00eb vend t\u00eb n\u00ebnt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ura ka ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe n\u00eb portokalli, e cila u zgjodh bazuar n\u00eb propozimin e arkitektit Irving Morrow sipas t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kjo ngjyr\u00eb do ta b\u00ebnte m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme n\u00eb kohe me mjegull. Lyerja e plot\u00eb e saj u b\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1937 menj\u00ebher\u00eb pasi p\u00ebrfundoi, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb 1965 boja origjinale u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua me nj\u00eb boj\u00eb m\u00eb rezistente. Golden Gate Bridge konsiderohet si nj\u00eb veprat m\u00eb brilante t\u00eb inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb urave. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur nga Shoqata e inxhinier\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga Mrekulllit\u00eb e bot\u00ebs moderne.<\/p>\n

Golden Gate Bridge \u00ebsht\u00eb ur\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin lidhjen e dy brigjeve n\u00eb gjirin e San Franciskos n\u00eb Oqeanin Paq\u00ebsor. Si pjes\u00eb e dy autostradave US Route 101 dhe California State Route 1,\u00ebsht\u00eb infrastruktura q\u00eb lidh qytetin e San Franciskos, me maj\u00ebn veriore t\u00eb Gadishullit t\u00eb San Franciskos, n\u00eb Marin County. Ura Golden Gate Bridge \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga simbolet m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb San Franciskos, Kalifornis\u00eb, dhe Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur nj\u00eb nga mrekullit\u00eb Bot\u00ebs moderne nga Shoq\u00ebria Amerikane e Inxhinier\u00ebve Civile. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruara p\u00ebr nga vet\u00eb emri i saj – si Ura Porta e Art\u00eb “ndoshta nga m\u00eb t\u00eb bukurat n\u00eb bot\u00eb, dhe sigurisht nga q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb fotografuarat, ur\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb”.<\/p>\n

Golden Gate Bridge –\u00a0\u00a0Ura Porta e Art\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ka\u00a0\u00a06 korsi (tre vajtje dhe tre ardhje) \u00ebsht\u00eb ur\u00eb e llojit Amerikan do me th\u00ebn\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorshme, p\u00ebr automjete, k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00eb dhe bi\u00e7ikleta. Ura “Golden Gate Bridge”, e San Franciskos mir\u00ebmbahet nga Autoriteti i autostrad\u00ebs dhe Qarkut t\u00eb Transportit<\/p>\n

Ura “Golden Gate Bridge”, \u00ebsht\u00eb desinjuar nga Joseph Strauss, Irving Morrow, dhe Charles Ellis Materiali i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb Ur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb me baz\u00eb \u00e7elikun<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00ebsia e ur\u00ebs, nga bregu n\u00eb breg\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 1.7 milje ose 2.7 km. Gjer\u00ebsia 90 ft – k\u00ebmb\u00eb\u00a0\u00a0ose 27.4 m.Lart\u00ebsia q\u00eb nga baza e saj n\u00eb uj\u00eb 746 ft – k\u00ebmb\u00eb ose 227,4 m,<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrtimi i Ur\u00ebs “Golden Gate Bridge”, filloj\u00eb 5 janar, 1933 dhe i dha fund nd\u00ebrtimit m\u00eb 19 prill 1937 Nd\u00ebrsa u hap p\u00ebr automjetet dhe publikun m\u00eb 25 Maj\u00a0\u00a01937, pra 75 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb . Kalimi i Ur\u00ebs\u00a0“Golden Gate Bridge”, p\u00ebr automjetet b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm me pages\u00eb; 6,00 $ (cash), dhe\u00a0\u00a05,00 $ p\u00ebr abonent\u00ebt\u00a0\u00a0( me Ez-pas)<\/p>\n

Ura “Golden Gate Bridge” dhe Qarku Highway, kan qen\u00eb t\u00eb autorizuar nga nj\u00eb akt i Legjislatur\u00ebs s\u00eb California, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluar n\u00eb vitin 1928 si entitet zyrtar p\u00ebr projektimin, nd\u00ebrtimin, dhe financat e Ur\u00ebs q\u00eb u quajt m\u00eb von\u00eb Ura “Golden Gate Bridge” –\u00a0\u00a0Porta e Art\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, pas r\u00ebnjes t\u00eb Wall Street n\u00eb vitin 1929, Qarku nuk ishte n\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur fondet e nd\u00ebrtimit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb thuhet se ai ka lobuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb mas\u00eb prej 30 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb t\u00eb obligacioneve. K\u00ebto bono jan\u00eb miratuar n\u00eb n\u00ebntor t\u00eb vitit 1930, nga vota n\u00eb qarqet e prekura nga ura. Buxheti i nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e miratimit t\u00eb saj\u00a0\u00a0ishte 27 milion dollar\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, Banka e Qarkut nuk ishte n\u00eb gjendje p\u00ebr t\u00eb shitur bono deri n\u00eb vitin 1932, kur Amadeo Xhanini, themelues i Bank\u00ebs San Francisco – bazuar n\u00eb at\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs, kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb bank\u00ebs s\u00eb tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb gjith\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb lokale.<\/p>\n

Dhe k\u00ebshtu mbasi u sigurua buxheti financiar filloi nd\u00ebrtimi i ur\u00ebs “Golden Gate Bridge”, m\u00eb 5 janar, 1933. Kostoja e projektit ishte at\u00ebhere m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 35 milion dollar amerikan. Ura q\u00eb quhet “Golden Gate Bridge” dhe n\u00eb shqip thirret Ura Porta e Art\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e projektit t\u00eb saj u realizua nga kompania nd\u00ebrtimore McClintic Marshall Co, nj\u00eb deg\u00eb e Betlehem Steel Corporation, e themeluar nga Howard H. McClintic dhe Charles D. Marshall, t\u00eb dy inxhinier nga Universiteti i Lehigh<\/p>\n

Strauss ishte kryedrejtuesi i projektit, n\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjen e saj dit\u00eb-p\u00ebr-dit\u00eb, n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e ur\u00ebs dhe duket se ai ka b\u00ebr\u00eb disa kontribute t\u00eb p\u00ebrurimit. Kryedrejtuesi Strauss me origjin\u00eb gjermane ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb inxhinier i diplomuar nga Universiteti i Cincinnati. Nj\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb njer\u00ebz\u00eb thuhet mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb vrar\u00eb nga r\u00ebnia gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, dhe dhjet\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb u vran\u00eb kur ura ishte af\u00ebr p\u00ebrfundimit.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa, me vdekjen e Jack Balestreri n\u00eb prill 2012, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb inxhinier\u00ebt t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin origjinal\u00eb t\u00eb Ur\u00ebs Porta e Art\u00eb – “Golden Gate Bridge” tani jan\u00eb t\u00eb vdekur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Beqir SINA, New York Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur nga Shoqata e inxhinier\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb si nj\u00eb nga Mrekulllit\u00eb e bot\u00ebs moderne SAN FRANCIKO CA-\u00a0Ura Porta e Art\u00eb u nd\u00ebrtua n\u00eb pjes\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0ngusht\u00eb\u00a0t\u00eb dy brigjeve t\u00eb\u00a0ujit q\u00eb rrjedh n\u00eb mes t\u00eb gadishullit, bregut\u00a0San Franciskos dhe West Marin,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5074,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-histori-gjeografi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5073","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5073"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5073\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5075,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5073\/revisions\/5075"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}