{"id":4322,"date":"2014-04-25T12:02:58","date_gmt":"2014-04-25T12:02:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=4322"},"modified":"2014-04-25T12:02:58","modified_gmt":"2014-04-25T12:02:58","slug":"doreshkrimet-purpureus-nga-libri-l-rama","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=4322","title":{"rendered":"Dor\u00ebshkrimet Purpureus (nga libri) L. Rama"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>\u00abDor\u00ebshkrimet\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>Purpureus\u00bb\u2026<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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N\u00eb kronikat e vjetra shkruhet rreth djegjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb manastiri dhe nj\u00eb murgu, q\u00eb kur kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb zjarri, gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb ai kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb ishte shp\u00ebtimi i dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb vjetra. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb flak\u00ebt i afroheshin bibliotek\u00ebs dhe librave t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb, ai merrte sa mund\u00ebte dhe hidhte nga dritaret dor\u00ebshkrimet e purpurta q\u00eb ato t\u00eb mos digjeshin. Por zjarret m\u00eb pas e pushtuan t\u00eb gjith\u00eb \u00abscriptoria\u00bb-n, duke djegur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht dhe vet\u00eb murgun. Askush nuk e di emrin e atij murgu, ashtu si dhe emrat e mijra skrib\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb si ai, q\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre ua kushtuan librave dhe dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb shenjta. Kjo histori t\u00eb kujton sakrific\u00ebn e madhe njer\u00ebzore p\u00ebr fjal\u00ebn e shenjt\u00eb dhe jo vet\u00ebm kaq, sepse sakrifica nuk ka q\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me vdekjen e murgj\u00ebve dhe skrib\u00ebve t\u00eb shkronj\u00ebtoreve, t\u00eb cilat nuk ekzistojn\u00eb m\u00eb. Ajo ka q\u00ebn\u00eb mbinjer\u00ebzore sepse njer\u00ebzimi ka ditur e luftuar gjithnj\u00eb q\u00eb ta mbroj\u00eb krijimin e tij, aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kur b\u00ebhej fjala p\u00ebr libra t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb. Nga \u00abDor\u00ebshkrimet e Detit t\u00eb Vdekur\u00bb q\u00eb na sjellin ehon e dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb para biblike hebraike e deri n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e Rilindjes, librat \u00absacr\u00e9\u00bb edhe pse mbijetuan, kaluan edhe ato kalvarin e tyre: bastisjet, turrat e druve dhe djegjet publike, inkuizicionin apo fshehjet q\u00eb zgjat\u00ebn me shekuj, gjersa ata u rishfaq\u00ebn, duke mbajtur hiret e nj\u00eb kohe t\u00eb shkuar.<\/p>\n

Dor\u00ebshkrimet e Purpurta ishin vepra e skrib\u00ebve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm, e atyre njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb pafjalt\u00eb q\u00eb me artin e p\u00ebrkushtimin e tyre i lan\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit k\u00ebta libra n\u00eb\u00a0parchemin<\/em>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm vepra arti dhe d\u00ebshmi e gjurm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kohe, por dhe histori. Ato jan\u00eb burime t\u00eb vet\u00eb buronj\u00ebs s\u00eb kultur\u00ebs son\u00eb hebraiko-evropiane. Nga mijra e mijra dor\u00ebshkrime t\u00eb purpurta t\u00eb shkruara gjat\u00eb dhjet\u00eb-pes\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb shekujve t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00eb jan\u00eb ata kodik\u00eb q\u00eb erdh\u00ebn gjer n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona. Historia e kodik\u00ebve t\u00eb Beratit,\u00a0Beratinus 1<\/em>\u00a0dheBeratinus 2<\/em>, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga ato mijra histori t\u00eb itinerareve t\u00eb dhimbshme, ku fatmir\u00ebsisht, pas nj\u00eb kalvari t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, k\u00ebto dor\u00ebshkrime mund\u00ebn t\u00eb shohin epok\u00ebn moderne dhe t\u00eb pik\u00ebtakohen me ne. Shum\u00eb nga skrib\u00ebt e hersh\u00ebm ne nuk i njohim. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb kan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb emrat e tyre si mjeshtra t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj:\u00a0parchemin<\/em>\u00a0i purpurt, shkruar n\u00eb ar e argj\u00ebnd, me \u201conciale\u201d apo \u201cminiscule\u201d, mbushur plot zbukurime e miniatura me fytyrat e ungjillor\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb apo profet\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, si dhe tregimet profetike. Imagjinojm\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7ast \u201cscriptoria\u201d-t e para, ato salla t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e t\u00eb heshtura, n\u00ebn ftoht\u00ebsin\u00eb e gur\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb abacive dhe manastireve, atje ku murgjit n\u00eb tavolinat e drurit shkruanin fjal\u00ebt e shenjta, atje ku n\u00ebn kubet\u00eb e larta miniaturist\u00ebt pikturonin p\u00ebrfytyrimin e tyre t\u00eb nj\u00eb Jezu Krishti, apo t\u00eb nj\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Marku, Sh\u00ebn Mateu, Sh\u00ebn Luka apo Sh\u00ebn Gjoni\u2026 Aventura e papirus\u00ebve dhe pergamen\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e faraon\u00ebve. Nga\u00a0Dor\u00ebshkrimet e Detit t\u00eb Vdekur<\/em>\u00a0dhe tregimet e kronistit t\u00eb djegjes s\u00eb Jeruzalemit, Flavius Jozef, bota kristiane do t\u00eb njoh\u00eb m\u00eb pas\u00a0Letrat<\/em>\u00a0e Sh\u00ebn Palit, q\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte n\u00ebp\u00ebr Mesdhe e deri n\u00eb brigjet e Iliris\u00eb, e m\u00eb pas tekstet e ungjillor\u00ebve martir\u00eb, duke vazhduar shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb me\u00a0Vulgat\u00ebn<\/em>\u00a0latine t\u00eb Jeronimit, apo meQytetin e Zotit<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Agustinit. Nga\u00a0Vergilius Vaticanus<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb\u00a0Aratea<\/em>, nga\u00a0Codex Sinaiticus<\/em>n\u00eb\u00a0Codex Purpureus Rossanensis<\/em>, nga\u00a0Weiner Dioskurides<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb\u00a0Beratinus\u00a0<\/em>apo\u00a0Robbula Codex<\/em>, etj, njer\u00ebzimi d\u00ebshmoi p\u00ebr gjenialitetin dhe forc\u00ebn e artit t\u00eb tij, ashtu si\u00e7 e tregoi n\u00eb veprat monumentale, arkitektur\u00ebn e mrekullueshme apo afresket nga Trecento-s e Quatrocento-s e gjer n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Renesanc\u00ebs. Biblisti francez, abati Pierre Batiffol, i cili udh\u00ebtoi n\u00eb Berat n\u00eb vitin 1885, dhe i b\u00ebri t\u00eb njohur bot\u00ebs shkencore evropiane ekzistenc\u00ebn e dy kodik\u00ebve t\u00eb rrall\u00eb p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb rrall\u00eb \u00abpurpureus\u00bb, sillte nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb vjet\u00ebr shpirt\u00ebrore t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve me kristianizmin, edhe pse t\u00eb ndar\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb skizm\u00ebs kristiane, n\u00eb ortodoks\u00eb e katolik\u00eb. Metropoliti i Beratit i kishte treguar se n\u00eb kronik\u00ebn e kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit flitej dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb laik, i quajtur Skuripeki, i cili n\u00eb vitin 1356, i kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kish\u00ebs nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb madh: shp\u00ebtimin e ungjijve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Kur serb\u00ebt ishin dyndur nga veriu drejt Beligradit (Beratit), murgu i Theologus i ishte lutur atij q\u00eb ta ndihmonte p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar kodik\u00ebt e shenjt\u00eb. Dhe nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, t\u00eb dy s\u00eb bashku, kishin ngarkuar t\u00eb fshehur n\u00eb koshere blet\u00ebsh 27 kodik\u00eb e dor\u00ebshkrime t\u00eb vjetra kishtare dhe i kishin \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebnd t\u00eb sigurt. K\u00ebta libra q\u00eb kan\u00eb mbetur p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb kujtes\u00eb arti e mendimi, nj\u00eb kujtes\u00eb besimi dhe filozofie. Kodik\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb si kodik\u00ebt e Vlor\u00ebs, Kor\u00e7\u00ebs,\u00a0 apo Voskopoj\u00ebs, q\u00eb lumturisht kan\u00eb mbetur gjer n\u00eb koh\u00ebn moderne dhe t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e shekujve X dhe XV, p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb dhe ata nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshmis\u00eb historike.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb shekulli e gjysm\u00eb, paleograf\u00ebt, epigrafist\u00ebt e arkeolog\u00ebt, kan\u00eb zbuluar thesarin e madh t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimeve bot\u00ebrore. N\u00eb vitin 1853, paleontologu i ri gjerman Tischendorf, zbulonte rast\u00ebsisht\u00a0Codex Sinaiticus<\/em>\u00a0n\u00eb manastirin e larg\u00ebt t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Katerin\u00ebs n\u00eb Sinai, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1928, n\u00eb Deir el-Medinah t\u00eb Egjiptit u zbuluan pasazhe t\u00eb ungjijve t\u00eb par\u00eb,\u00a0Aktet e Apostujve<\/em>,\u00a0Letrat<\/em>\u00a0e Sh\u00ebn Palit apo dor\u00ebshkrimet e\u00a0Testamentit t\u00eb Ri,<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb greqisht e t\u00eb quajtura sot \u201cpapyri bibliques Chester Beatty\u201d, sipas emrit t\u00eb koleksionistit amerikan q\u00eb i b\u00ebri t\u00eb njohura ato.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Skrib\u00ebt e librave t\u00eb purpurt<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u00abNj\u00eb abaci pa bibliotek\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00eb pa depon e arm\u00ebve\u00bb<\/em><\/p>\n

Godefroy de Saint-Barbe-en-Ange, 1170.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00abKodik\u00ebt e Purpurt\u00bb t\u00eb Beratit, t\u00eb cilat para disa vjet\u00ebsh u pranuan n\u00eb Unesco si \u00abPasuri e Trash\u00ebgimis\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore\u00bb dhe hyn\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb quhet \u00abM\u00e9moire du Monde\u00bb, ose \u00abKujtesa e Bot\u00ebs\u00bb, na dha shkas q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim historik dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrim nj\u00eb pik\u00ebtakim me dor\u00ebshkrimet m\u00eb t\u00eb vyera t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, t\u00eb pik\u00ebtakojm\u00eb rabin\u00eb e murgj t\u00eb shekujve t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm q\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimet e para filluan rrug\u00ebtimin e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb biblike, apo b\u00ebmave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, q\u00eb m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb k\u00ebndoheshin nga trubadur\u00ebt epik\u00eb e popullor\u00eb. \u00c7\u2019ishin vall\u00eb k\u00ebta skrib\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb? Cila ishte jeta dhe historia e tyre\u00a0personale, drama dhe tragjedia e tyre? V\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka rreth tyre, sepse ata asnj\u00ebher\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb shkruar p\u00ebr vetveten. M\u00eb t\u00eb shumtit kan\u00eb mbetur anonim\u00eb, edhe pse Umberto Ecco \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur ta rikrijoj\u00eb atmosfer\u00ebn mesjetare t\u00eb \u00abscriptoria\u00bb-ve t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb Librave t\u00eb Art\u00eb. N\u00eb g\u00ebrma ari e argj\u00ebndi, n\u00eb flet\u00eb t\u00eb purpurta, p\u00ebrkulur mbi miniatura t\u00eb paharrueshme t\u00eb mbrujtura me ngjarje q\u00eb do tu rezistonin jo vet\u00ebm shekujve, por dhe mij\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00ebve, ata b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundur t\u00eb na d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb plot drit\u00eb dhe art.<\/p>\n

\u00c7do dor\u00ebshkrim, apo kodik, ka karakteristikat e veta, artin e vet, ashtu si\u00e7 i dallojm\u00eb ato dhe n\u00eb\u00a0Beratinus 1<\/em>\u00a0apo\u00a0Beratinus 2<\/em>, i pari i shekullit t\u00eb VI dhe i dyti i shekullit t\u00eb IX. T\u00eb zbuluar nga studjuesi francez\u00a0 Pierre Batiffol n\u00eb vitin 1885,<\/strong>\u00a0Codex Purpureus Beratinus<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0Codex Aureus Anthimi<\/em>\u00a0(Kodiku i Art\u00eb i Anthimit<\/em>, pra\u00a0Beratinus 2<\/em>), p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr fillimet e let\u00ebrsis\u00eb biblike.\u00a0Codex Purpureus Beratinus<\/em>, \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar nj\u00eb shekull e gjysm\u00eb pas p\u00ebrkthimit n\u00eb latinisht nga Saint Jer\u00f4me, apo Jeronimi i Eusebit, t\u00eb\u00a0Bibl\u00ebs Septante<\/em>, n\u00eb greqisht, e cila u quajt\u00a0Vulgata<\/em>\u00a0dhe q\u00eb ruhet n\u00eb Vatikan. K\u00ebshtu\u00a0Beratinus 1<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga kodik\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vyer t\u00eb bot\u00ebs t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn greke p\u00ebr nga vlerat historike, pas kodikut\u00a0Petroliptus Codex<\/em>,\u00a0Vindeobone-usis<\/em>,\u00a0Codex Purpureus Rossanensis<\/em>,\u00a0Codex Sinopsensis,<\/em>\u00a0Kodikut t\u00eb Patmos<\/em>\u00a0apo\u00a0Rabbula Codex<\/em>\u00a0e vitit 586 e er\u00ebs son\u00eb, e shkruar kjo e fundit n\u00eb Mesopotami n\u00eb manastirin e Sh\u00ebn Joanit, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn siriake, n\u00eb nj\u00eb format 33,6×26,7 cm.<\/p>\n

Jo rrall\u00eb kodik\u00ebt mbajn\u00eb dhe emrat e shkronj\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre, pra t\u00eb skrib\u00ebve, q\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht ishin murgj si n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e faraon\u00ebve t\u00eb Egjiptit, apo autor\u00eb me em\u00ebr, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u dhan\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimeve jet\u00eb dhe drit\u00eb, duke derdhur n\u00eb ar apo argj\u00ebnd g\u00ebrmat e tyre, apo duke pikturuar mbi flet\u00eb l\u00ebkure, apo ndryshe\u00a0parchemin<\/em>. Secili prej kodik\u00ebve, apo dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb rralla ka nj\u00eb histori, nj\u00eb aventur\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, ngjarje q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb vijn\u00eb deri tek ne, por q\u00eb mund t\u2019i imagjinojm\u00eb dhe t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e pasionin e k\u00ebtyre skrib\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin padyshim artist\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer. Ashtu si\u00a0Codex Purpureus Beratinus<\/em>\u00a0dhe\u00a0Codex Aureus Anthimi<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb Beratit, q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e err\u00ebt totalitare vazhdonin t\u00eb ruheshin n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi n\u00eb nj\u00eb grop\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kishe n\u00eb Berat, p\u00ebr tu zbuluar m\u00eb von\u00eb, ashtu dhe kodik\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb p\u00ebsuan \u00e7\u2019vendosje, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime djegjesh e pla\u00e7kitjesh, duke u detyruar tu largohen luftrave dhe pushtimeve fetare, apo perandor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe t\u00eb\u00a0 largohen nga v\u00ebndi i tyre i krijimit. \u00c7do ikje ka q\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb kalvar p\u00ebr jet\u00eb a vdekje. Ikje me kodik\u00ebt e fsheht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i shp\u00ebtuar ata nga shkat\u00ebrrimi. Dhe kjo ka ndodhur pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebrplasjesh t\u00eb m\u00ebdha midis Per\u00ebndimit dhe Lindjes.\u00a0Rabbula Codex<\/em>, pas 900 vjet\u00ebsh e la manastirin e Sh\u00ebn Joanit p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur streh\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1497, n\u00eb Firence, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe sot.\u00a0Codex Purpureus Rossanensis<\/em>, nj\u00eb nga veprat m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrm\u00ebndura n\u00eb historin\u00eb e dor\u00ebshkrimeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb i fillimit t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb VI. Historian\u00ebt pohojn\u00eb se ai \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb Azin\u00eb e Vog\u00ebl, ose n\u00eb Antioche, (\u00e7ka mendohet dhe p\u00ebr Kodikun e Anthimit t\u00eb Beratit), e cila n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e kryq\u00ebzatave banohej nga latin\u00ebt dhe udh\u00ebhiqej nga mbret\u00ebr latin\u00eb. Charles I d\u2019Anjou, q\u00eb ishte mbret i Napolit dhe i Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, n\u00eb fundin e viteve 1200 ishte nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht dhe mbret i Jeruzalemit. Ky kodik i mrekulluesh\u00ebm me dimensione 30,5×26 cm dhe me 188 \u00abfolios\u00bb, flet\u00eb n\u00eb linja ari dhe nj\u00eb tekst n\u00eb boj\u00eb argj\u00ebndi, i shkruar n\u00eb greqisht, ka si p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb kat\u00ebr ungjijt\u00eb, por vet\u00ebm ai i Sh\u00ebn Markut \u00ebsht\u00eb i plot\u00eb. Thuhet se ky kodik i p\u00ebrsosur nga ana grafike, ka mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb Itali n\u00eb shekujt VII-IX dhe u vendos n\u00eb Rossano, nj\u00eb qytet i vog\u00ebl i Kalabris\u00eb. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb nga librat q\u00eb ka k\u00ebrkuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb para p\u00ebr tu shkruar. Dedikime, figura apostujsh apo njer\u00ebzish t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, banor\u00eb t\u00eb qiellit dhe tok\u00ebs, tregime biblike dh\u00ebn\u00eb me nj\u00eb art q\u00eb i b\u00ebn ato t\u00eb magjishme\u2026 Dhe kudo, ngjyra e purpurt q\u00eb ishte simboli i ngjyr\u00ebs imperiale.<\/p>\n

Kodik\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr, apo dor\u00ebshkrimet e popujve t\u00eb ndryshme, jan\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb forma, teknika, apo \u00absuporte\u00bb t\u00eb ndryshme.\u00a0Codex Borgia<\/em>, i Vatikanit lexohet p.sh. n\u00eb form\u00eb fizarmonike, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimet e kultur\u00ebs \u00abmaya\u00bb jan\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrta me konceptin per\u00ebndimor. Dor\u00ebshkrimet kineze ndryshojn\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht me k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit, ashtu si\u00e7 ndryshojn\u00eb dhe shkrimi i Kuran\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, me nj\u00eb art t\u00eb p\u00ebrkryer. Haxhiograf\u00ebt e profet\u00ebve, k\u00ebta skrib\u00eb q\u00eb shkruanin edhe jet\u00ebn dhe b\u00ebmat e mbret\u00ebrve e perandor\u00ebve, d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb pun\u00eb artistike t\u00eb nj\u00eb niveli t\u00eb habitsh\u00ebm, aq sa sot na mahnisin me kaligrafin\u00eb dhe figurat e tyre. Nd\u00ebr dor\u00ebshkrimet e rralla t\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit, arkivat ruajn\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb librash jo-biblik\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p.sh. dor\u00ebshkrimi i vjet\u00ebr\u00a0Vergilius Vaticanus<\/em>, i shekullit IV, me nj\u00eb format 22,5×22 cm, i cili sot gj\u00ebndet n\u00eb Rom\u00eb dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar sipas vepr\u00ebs s\u00eb poetit t\u00eb madh Virgjili, pra Publius Vergilius Maro. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim t\u00eb mrekulluesh\u00ebm nga ana grafike e kaligrafike, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar nga 50 miniatura, ai p\u00ebrshkruan jet\u00ebn fshatare, \u00abgjeorgjik\u00ebt\u00bb, Eneid\u00ebn, poem\u00ebn e tij epike mbi origjin\u00ebn e prandoris\u00eb romake. N\u00eb Rom\u00eb gj\u00ebndet dhe dor\u00ebshkrimi tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb latinisht i Virgjilit, i titulluar\u00a0Vergilius Romanus<\/em>, i shekullit V, me 309 faqe dhe nj\u00eb format 33,2×32,3 cm.<\/p>\n

Nga dor\u00ebshkrimet shkencore m\u00eb fam\u00ebmadhe \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0Diorscoride de Vienne\u00a0<\/em>e vitit 512, e cila iu dhurua princesh\u00ebs bizantine Juliana n\u00eb Konstantinopoj\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, Dioscorides, q\u00eb kishte jetuar n\u00eb shekullin I, ishte mjek i ushtris\u00eb s\u00eb Neronit kur e shkroi k\u00ebt\u00eb traktat t\u00eb madh mjeksor e farmakologjie, i cili kat\u00ebr shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb rishkruhej i shoq\u00ebruar nga miniatura t\u00eb mrekullueshme, n\u00eb 492 faqe, n\u00eb format 38×31 cm, t\u00eb pasur me 392 miniatura. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, n\u00eb Siri shkruhej n\u00eb greqisht\u00a0Wiener Genesis<\/em>, ku p\u00ebrshkruhet gjeneza e bot\u00ebs, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0Bibl\u00ebs Septante<\/em>, apo\u00a0Testamentit t\u00eb Ri<\/em>, (Bibla e par\u00eb e bot\u00ebs), q\u00eb ka n\u00eb baz\u00eb jet\u00ebn e Krishtit, por dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vazhdim i tregimeve hebraike mbi Moisiun, Davidin, Solomonin, etj. Nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb von\u00eb u shkrua n\u00eb latinisht dhe dor\u00ebshkrimi tjet\u00ebr i njohur me emrin\u00a0Pentateuque d\u2019Ashburuham<\/em>. Historian\u00ebt thon\u00eb se ky dor\u00ebshkrim duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb Spanj\u00eb, ose n\u00eb Afrik\u00ebn veriore, dhe m\u00eb pas, n\u00eb shekullin IX, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb abacin\u00eb e qytetit francez Tours. Por m\u00eb 1847, ai iu shit duk\u00ebs anglez Ashburuham dhe q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimi mori emrin e tij.<\/p>\n

Kur perandori i Evrop\u00ebs, Charlemagne, filloi fushat\u00ebn romake kund\u00ebr Rom\u00ebs, ai i k\u00ebrkoi skribit t\u00eb tij Godesclac, t\u00eb shkruante nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr liturgjik n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn latine. Dhe ai e shkroi k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr prej 127 faqesh, n\u00eb dimensionet 31×21 cm, n\u00eb Aix-la-Chapelle, midis viteve 781 dhe 783. N\u00eb\u00a0Evangeliaire de Godescalc<\/em>,[1] si\u00e7 titullohet ky dor\u00ebshkrim i mrekulluesh\u00ebm, shkruhet p\u00ebr evangjil\u00ebt dhe pasazhe t\u00eb ndryshme lexoheshin n\u00ebp\u00ebr mesha t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Nj\u00eb \u00abevangeliaire\u00bb m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0Evangiliaire de Lindisfarne<\/em>\u00a0i vitit 698, ku shkruhet p\u00ebr kat\u00ebr ungjill\u00ebt e famsh\u00ebm pas Krishtit. Kronikat historike tregojn\u00eb se p\u00ebr shkrimin e tij u pren\u00eb 100 vi\u00e7a, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr shkrimin e dor\u00ebshkrimit tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur\u00a0Evangeiaire du Tresor<\/em>, nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb t\u00eb bukurit e epok\u00ebs \u00abcarolingiennes\u00bb, u desh l\u00ebkura e 150 vi\u00e7ave t\u00eb therur. Por rekordin e vi\u00e7ave t\u00eb therur e mban\u00a0Bibla e Winchester<\/em>, p\u00ebr shkrimin e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs u desh l\u00ebkura e 250 t\u00eb till\u00ebve. K\u00ebshtu u krijuan librat e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm si\u00a0Codex Amiantinus<\/em>, i vitit 716, n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn latine dhe format t\u00eb madh, me 1029 \u00abfolios\u00bb, e punuar n\u00eb abacin\u00eb Jarrow t\u00eb Wearmoth;\u00a0Livre de Durrow<\/em>\u00a0i vitit 675, mbi kat\u00ebr ungjijt\u00eb e krijuar n\u00eb Irland\u00eb, apoEvangeliaire d\u2019Henri de Lion<\/em>, i cili n\u00eb vitin 1983 u ble gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb shitje n\u00eb Sotheby\u2019s n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, p\u00ebr 16 milion\u00eb euro. Nj\u00eb nga pinjoll\u00ebt e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Charles I d\u2019Anjou, pra Ren\u00e9 d\u2019Anjou, i cili formalisht ishte ende zot i Durr\u00ebsit t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, (Albaniae), duke q\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb amator i madh arti dhe lojrash kalorsiak\u00eb, krijoi nj\u00eb nga librat m\u00eb t\u00eb bukur t\u00eb quajtur\u00a0Le livre de Tournois<\/em>, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn do ta shkruante ai vet\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr miniaturat do t\u00eb punonte piktori i madh flamand Barthelemy van Eyck.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb abacit\u00eb kristiane mbanin thesare t\u00eb mrekullueshme, aq sa si\u00e7 shkruhej n\u00eb vitin 1170 nga Godefroy de Sainte-Barbe-en-Ange, \u00abNj\u00eb abaci pa bibliotek\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00eb pa depon e arm\u00ebve<\/em>\u00bb. Dhe kjo th\u00ebnie padyshim ishte e till\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr abacit\u00eb shqiptare, q\u00eb edhe pas nj\u00eb pushtimi t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb shp\u00ebtojn\u00eb shum\u00eb prej kodik\u00ebve, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb 100 kodik\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb, mes t\u00eb cil\u00ebve dhe kodik\u00ebt e Kor\u00e7\u00ebs, Vlor\u00ebs, Voskopoj\u00ebs, Gjirokastr\u00ebs, etj, e mbi t\u00eb gjitha\u00a0Kodikun e Purpurt t\u00eb Beratit<\/em>, t\u00eb cilin prof. Shaban Sinani e quan \u00abnj\u00eb p\u00ebrmendore t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrimeve t\u00eb shenjta n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb gjith\u00eb hapsir\u00ebn biblike t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb krishterimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm<\/em>\u00bb.<\/p>\n

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Batiffol-i dhe librat e shenjt\u00eb t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Kodik\u00ebt dhe dor\u00ebshkrimet e vjetra kan\u00eb zbuluesit e tyre dhe \u00e7do zbulim lidhet me nj\u00eb histori, ashtu si\u00e7 p\u00ebr kodik\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb merita duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb e dy njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb njohur: e peshkopit t\u00eb Beratit, Anthim Alexoudis, q\u00eb banor\u00ebt e quanin \u00abmiku i arteve\u00bb dhe p\u00ebr studjuesin francez Pierre Batiffol,[2] i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i pari studjues i bot\u00ebs shkencore q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoi vlerat e k\u00ebtyre kodik\u00ebve n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim. Botimi para dy vjet\u00ebve i librit\u00a0Kodik\u00ebt e Beratit<\/em>, n\u00ebn udh\u00ebheqjen e profesor Shaban Sinani dhe nj\u00eb grupi autor\u00ebsh si Th. Popa, A. Buda, K. Na\u00e7o, K. Naska, N. Nika, por dhe studjues t\u00eb huaj si Johannes Koder, Erich Trapp, Roderic L. Mullen, Edoardo Csrisci), na b\u00ebri t\u00eb mundur dhe njohjen me studimin e Batiffol-it p\u00ebr k\u00ebta kodik\u00eb n\u00ebn titullin\u00a0Les manuscrits grec en Albanie et Codex Purpureus Beratinus<\/em>. N\u00eb fakt, Batiffol-i ishte ngacmuar nga informacioni q\u00eb kishte marr\u00eb nga kolegu i tij belg dhe abat nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, studjuesi Monsinjor Ludovico Duschense, i cili kur ishte nisur p\u00ebr n\u00eb Malin e Shenjt\u00eb Athos, t\u00eb Greqis\u00eb, ishte ndalur n\u00eb Patmos p\u00ebr t\u00eb studjuar e p\u00ebrshkruar disa pjes\u00eb t\u00eb kodikut t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm\u00a0Codice N Vaticana<\/em>. Por n\u00eb Patmos, Duschense kishte d\u00ebgjuar nga drejtuesi i bibliotek\u00ebs, nj\u00eb grek, se nj\u00eb kodik i till\u00eb i purpurt n\u00eb pergamen (me l\u00ebkur\u00eb vi\u00e7i) gj\u00ebndej dhe n\u00eb Berat.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb sh\u00ebnimet e tij, Batiffol-i e p\u00ebrm\u00ebnd k\u00ebt\u00eb histori, madje ai pohon se n\u00eb artikullin e tij fillestar\u00a0Evang\u00e9liaire codex graecus purpureus<\/em>[3] ka shkruar se \u201cq\u00eb para 15 vjet\u00ebve, evropian\u00ebt ishin informuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb Korfuz, ku b\u00ebhej nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim i dioqez\u00ebs ortodokse t\u00eb Beratit. Autori i saj, Monsinjor Anthyme Alexoudi, kishte shkruar nj\u00eb kapitull me titull\u00a0<\/em>Librat e Shenjt\u00eb dhe tep\u00ebr t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhin tekstet e ungjillor\u00ebve t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb Mateu dhe Mark, pron\u00eb e kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit. G\u00ebrmat e dor\u00ebshkrimit jan\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb parchemin n\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb qershize t\u00eb err\u00ebt, me g\u00ebrma t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb ngjyra ari dhe argj\u00ebndi, n\u00eb form\u00eb rrumbullake. Duket se vet\u00ebm Monsinjor Duchesne ishte i vetmi erudit q\u00eb e kishte lexuar tekstin e Alexoudi-it, kur ai po shkruante rreth Codex Rossanenssis. Zoti Gregory, nj\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar gjerman, e kishte sh\u00ebnuar k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1884, n\u00eb Bulletin Critique, duke shtuar se \u201cn\u00ebse k\u00ebto dor\u00ebshkrime ekzistojn\u00eb, do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb\u00a0<\/em>illo tempore prorsus inaccessus.<\/em>\u201d Si\u00e7 tregon m\u00eb tej Batiffol, ky historian i helenizmit, por dhe i Kish\u00ebs kristiane, q\u00eb n\u00eb tetor t\u00eb vitit 1884, Duchesne kishte premtuar se do ta b\u00ebnte vet\u00eb pelegrinazhin drejt Beratit, n\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimeve, por meq\u00eb koha kishte kaluar, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai ia kishte besuar k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb mikut t\u00eb tij, Pierre Batiffol. K\u00ebshtu, n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb vitit 1885, Ministria franceze e Arsimit e ngarkoi at\u00eb me nj\u00eb mision shkencor n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e para t\u00eb prillit, ai mb\u00ebrriti m\u00eb s\u00eb fundi n\u00eb Berat.<\/p>\n

Tundimi i Batiffol-it ishte i madh dhe ai k\u00ebrkoi me \u00e7do kusht ta studjoj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kodik t\u00eb panjohur, i cili duhej t\u00eb ishte nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb rrall\u00ebt. Si vall\u00eb gj\u00ebndej atje dhe p\u00ebrse n\u00eb Berat? Por m\u00eb par\u00eb, ai u takua me konsullin francez t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, Sauvaire, i cili i tregon p\u00ebr studimin e b\u00ebr\u00eb tashm\u00eb nga peshkopi i Beratit Anthime Alexoudis lidhur me k\u00ebta libra. B\u00ebhej fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kodik t\u00eb mrekulluesh\u00ebm, i cili nxirrej n\u00eb mesh\u00eb, para popullit nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb vit, m\u00eb 27 janar, \u00e7do her\u00eb n\u00eb fest\u00ebn e dit\u00ebs s\u00eb Shenjtit Gjon Goj\u00ebarti (Joan Chrysostomos), n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit ta shikonin, ta puthnin dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebruleshin para Librit t\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb. Batiffol na shkruan se p\u00ebr rrug\u00ebn nga Vlora p\u00ebr n\u00eb Berat, me kal\u00eb, iu desh\u00ebn 15 or\u00eb kal\u00ebrim, \u00e7ka tregon se ai ka ndjekur pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebt\u00eb itinerar. Nga Pierre Batiffol nuk njohim ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe me sh\u00ebnime udh\u00ebtimi gjat\u00eb itinerarit t\u00eb tij, por me siguri, udh\u00ebtimi drejt brigjeve shqiptare dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebr male e fusha do t\u00eb ket\u00eb q\u00ebn\u00eb mjaft interesant. Veprat e konsullit francez e t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, Pouqueville, tashm\u00eb ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, por p\u00ebr kodik\u00ebt dhe dor\u00ebshkrimet e vjetra nuk kishte asnj\u00eb informacion. N\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin e tij n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb Beratit, Batiffol na njofton p\u00ebr \u00abqytetin q\u00eb ngrihet buz\u00eb lumit Apsus (Osum), ku\u00a0 p\u00ebr habin\u00eb e tij shikon plot hebrenj me fes t\u00eb zi n\u00eb kok\u00eb\u201d. Batiffol-i vendoset n\u00eb lagjen \u00abKala\u00bb, si\u00e7 na shkruan ai, n\u00eb \u00abtok\u00ebn e ortodoks\u00ebve dhe ku nuk ka asnj\u00eb xhami<\/em>\u00bb, ndryshe nga pjesa tjet\u00ebr e qytetit, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjitha muslimane. Dritaret e tij shohin nga bedenat e kalas\u00eb dhe pamja tutje duhej t\u00eb ishte padyshim me nj\u00eb ekzotiz\u00ebm t\u00eb rrall\u00eb, pasi duket q\u00eb kjo pamje at\u00eb e ka ngacmuar s\u00eb tep\u00ebrmi. Dhe padyshim, takimi i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb me peshkopin e Mitropolis\u00eb s\u00eb Shenjt\u00eb, Anthim Alexoudis, i cili fillon t\u2019i tregoj\u00eb p\u00ebr Librat e Shenjt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nuk dim\u00eb sesa dit\u00eb ka q\u00ebndruar Batiffol-i n\u00eb Berat, por nga sa kuptohet nga sh\u00ebnimet e tij, q\u00ebndrimi ka q\u00ebn\u00eb i shkurt\u00ebr. N\u00eb fillim ka humbur shum\u00eb koh\u00eb gjersa e ka bindur peshkopin q\u00eb t\u2019i hap\u00eb v\u00ebndet e fshehta, ku ruheshin kodik\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr. Por habija e tij ishte e madhe: nj\u00eb habi e p\u00ebrzier me nj\u00eb lloj trishtimi, pasi ai u gj\u00ebnd para nj\u00eb grumbulli t\u00eb \u00e7\u2019rregullt t\u00eb kodik\u00ebve t\u00eb mbajtur keq. Por kodik\u00ebt e \u00e7muar, Alexoudis i mbante n\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebnd tjet\u00ebr, me kujdes t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Ato kodik\u00eb, Batiffol-i do t\u2019i shoh\u00eb pak koh\u00eb para se t\u00eb ik\u00eb. N\u00eb fillim ai na tregon p\u00ebr kodik\u00ebt e kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit, apo t\u00eb kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Ungjillizimit, p\u00ebr dor\u00ebshkrime kishtare t\u00eb shekujve XII, XIII, XV, me pergamen\u00eb, si dhe p\u00ebr \u00abdiptik\u00eb\u00bb me disa dhjetra flet\u00eb. Ja \u00e7\u2019shkruante ai n\u00eb raportin fillestar t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar n\u00eb Franc\u00eb: \u201cDor\u00ebshkrimet q\u00eb gjeta n\u00eb metropolin\u00eb e Beratit jan\u00eb rreth nj\u00ebzet\u00eb. Grupi i tyre i par\u00eb, nja 15 dor\u00ebshkrime, shumica t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuara, ishin me lidhje t\u00eb shqyera dhe t\u00eb hedhura n\u00eb stolat e metropolis\u00eb midis pluhurit dhe mol\u00ebs. Ishin tri exemplar\u00eb t\u00eb \u201cm\u00e9n\u00e9es\u201d t\u00eb shekullit XII, XIV, XV; nj\u00eb \u00abtypique\u00bb ose p\u00ebrmbledhje t\u00eb rregullave ekleziastike, etj. Nj\u00eb grup i dyt\u00eb ishin libra p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin liturgjik ku kishte nj\u00eb ekzemplar t\u00eb Akteve t\u00eb Apostujve me shkrim \u201cminiscule\u201d, mbi velin, i datuar sipas vitit 1158; nj\u00eb ungjill me shkrim \u201ccorsiv\u201d po mbi velin dhe q\u00eb daton mesa duket n\u00eb shekujt XI-XII, i zbukuruar me miniatura; nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ungjill me shkrim \u201ccorsiv\u201d mbi velin dhe i zbukuruar me miniatura t\u00eb pikturuara me mjaft delikates\u00eb. Ky ungjill i ishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb metropolis\u00eb nga nj\u00eb manastir i Panagia H\u00e9l\u00e9on\u00e7a, nga perandori maqedonas Theodore l\u2019Ange (shek.XIII). Po k\u00ebshtu ishte nj\u00eb \u201c\u00e9vangeliaire\u201d shkruar mbi velin, me nj\u00eb shkrim t\u00eb bukur \u201ccorsiv\u201d i shekullit XI-XII dhe i zbukuruar anash; nj\u00eb liturgji, apo tekst i Joan Chrysostome – rrodhan n\u00eb velin t\u00eb purpurt dhe i gjat\u00eb 2m85cm, i gj\u00ebr\u00eb 26 cm, me g\u00ebrma t\u00eb vogla dhe t\u00eb bukura argjendi (p\u00ebr tekstin) dhe ari (p\u00ebr g\u00ebrmat e m\u00ebdha dhe emrat e p\u00ebrve\u00e7\u00ebm t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb). Ky dor\u00ebshkrim daton n\u00eb shekujt XII-XIII. Po k\u00ebshtu \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrim me t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt ungjijt, shkruar n\u00eb velin t\u00eb purpurt, me g\u00ebrma t\u00eb vogla, shkruar past\u00ebr dhe me rregull dhe i gjithi n\u00eb boj\u00eb ari, zbukuruar me miniatura pa ndonj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb madhe artistike. Ky dor\u00ebshkrim besojm\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar nga vet\u00eb dora e Joan Chrysostomos, ungjill q\u00eb nderohet si relike dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i shekullit X ose fillimi i shekullit XI.<\/em>Monumentet q\u00eb lidhen me k\u00ebt\u00eb shenjt (chrysographie)\u00a0 jan\u00eb t\u00eb rralla. Njihet Libri i Psallmave (Psautier) i Londr\u00ebs, i shekullit XI dhe Evangiliaire de Florence, i shekullit XI. Pra mund t\u00eb bashkohet tashm\u00eb dhe Ungjilli i Beratit q\u00eb ne po e p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb me emrin Codex – purpureus Anthymi<\/em>\u2026\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb q\u00ebndrimit n\u00eb mitropolin\u00eb e Beratit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dor\u00ebshkrimet, ai pikasi pra se dor\u00ebshkrimi ishte i vitit 1158. Duket se Alexoudis i ka treguar se para se t\u00eb hyje n\u00eb lagjen Mangalem (si\u00e7 shkruan Batiffol) n\u00eb hyrje t\u00eb ur\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb t\u00eb Beratit, ishte nj\u00eb kish\u00eb me emrin \u00abFjetja e Sh\u00ebn M\u00ebris\u00eb\u00bb dhe se aty ruhej nj\u00eb ungjill i shekullit t\u00eb VI. Batiffol-i shkoi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kish\u00eb dhe dalloi me sa duket nj\u00eb ungjill t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb VIII, me pergamen\u00eb prej 260 flet\u00ebsh. Por Batiffol na tregon dhe nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakon\u00ebshme q\u00eb lidhet me Beratin dhe kodik\u00ebt\u00a0Beratinus<\/em>\u00a0dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb sken\u00eb m\u00eb vete filmike. N\u00eb kronik\u00ebn e kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit flitej dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb laik, i quajtur Skuripeki, i cili n\u00eb vitin 1356, i kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kish\u00ebs nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb madh: shp\u00ebtimin e ungjijve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. \u00c7\u2019kishte ndodhur vall\u00eb? Kur serb\u00ebt ishin dyndur nga veriu drejt Beligradit (Beratit), murgu Theodulos i ishte lutur atij q\u00eb ta ndihmonte p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebtuar kodik\u00ebt e shenjt\u00eb. Dhe nj\u00eb dit\u00eb, t\u00eb dy s\u00eb bashku, kishin ngarkuar kuajt me koshere blet\u00ebsh, ku br\u00ebnda tyre ishin fshehur 27 kodik\u00eb e dor\u00ebshkrime t\u00eb vjetra kishtare, t\u00eb cilat pastaj i kishin \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb v\u00ebnd t\u00eb sigurt. Apollon Ba\u00e7e, i \u00ebsht\u00eb referuar koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb nj\u00eb an\u00ebshkrimi t\u00eb Kodikun e 27 t\u00eb Beratit, ku shkruhet rreth historis\u00eb s\u00eb Skuripekit: \u00abKur hyn\u00eb serb\u00ebt n\u00eb Berat dhe bridhnin posht\u00eb e lart n\u00eb rrugicat jasht\u00eb kalas\u00eb, un\u00eb Skuripeki i dhurova (shp\u00ebtova) manastirit t\u00eb Theologus dhe kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit 27 libra nga m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebt dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhurit. I mbajta n\u00eb krah\u00eb me shpatulla dhe b\u00ebra kat\u00ebr rrug\u00eb. Po t\u00eb mos nd\u00ebrhynim dit\u00ebn e par\u00eb, t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn dit\u00eb s\u2019do t\u00eb gj\u00ebndej m\u00eb asgj\u00eb, pasi serb\u00ebt edhe t\u00eb vdekurit i nxorr\u00ebn nga varri<\/em>\u00bb. K\u00ebshtu pra, fshehurazi udh\u00ebtonin kodik\u00ebt, nga nj\u00eb luft\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn, nga nj\u00eb kish\u00eb n\u00eb tjetr\u00ebn, p\u00ebr t\u2019i ruajtur ato brez pas brezi.<\/p>\n

Sigurisht, Batiffol-in e mundonte pyetja e vazhdueshme: \u201cP\u00ebrse k\u00ebta kodik\u00eb ka t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr gj\u00ebndeshin n\u00eb Berat?\u201d \u201cKjo ishte nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e err\u00ebt<\/em>, – shkruan ai\u2026. –\u00a0Ajo q\u00eb ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb katalogu i k\u00ebtyre dor\u00ebshkrimeve. Midis tyre gjeta dhe Codex Aureus Anthymi, por nuk gjeta Codex Beratinus. Vall\u00eb mos ai nuk kishte ekzistuar n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e Theologut dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit? Por anash dor\u00ebshkrimit ishte nj\u00eb sh\u00ebnim, i b\u00ebr\u00eb para thuajse nj\u00eb shekulli, por q\u00eb nga ana gramatikore dukej shum\u00eb i vjet\u00ebr. Sigurisht, ky tekst nuk ishte shkruar n\u00eb Berat. \u00abDor\u00ebshkrimi, – m\u00eb tha ai, – \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar nga dora e Sh\u00ebn Joan Chrysostomos, kur kishte q\u00ebn\u00eb dhjak n\u00eb Antioche\u00bb.\u00a0<\/em>Dhe p\u00ebrcaktimi se ishte shkruar nga Chrysostomos ishte i sakt\u00eb. Por p\u00ebrse duhej folur rreth Antioche-s? Sh\u00ebnimi shtonte: Themeluesi i kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Theologut e solli k\u00ebt\u00eb ungjill n\u00eb manastirin e tij pas nj\u00eb \u00ebndrre t\u00eb mrekullueshme\u2026\u201d Cili ishte ky manastir Theologu? N\u00eb Berat nuk ka nj\u00eb manastir t\u00eb till\u00eb, ve\u00e7 asaj t\u00eb Panagia Ardeussa, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e shekullit XV, por me emrin Theologu ka ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb kish\u00ebz t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Ndryshe njihet manastiri shum\u00eb i famsh\u00ebm Theologu i Patmos, manastiri i Sh\u00ebn Gjonit, i themeluar nga Sh\u00ebn Christodule. Vall\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb manastir flet ky sh\u00ebnim? Nj\u00eb rresht m\u00eb posht\u00eb, sh\u00ebnimi shkruante se dor\u00ebshkrimi kishte patur n\u00eb fakt t\u00eb kat\u00ebr ungjijt\u00eb, por se ai i Sh\u00ebn Luk\u00ebs dhe Sh\u00ebn Gjonit ishin zhdukur, dhe se kjo zhdukje ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e frank\u00ebve t\u00eb Champagne-s, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt pla\u00e7kit\u00ebn manastirin e Theologut. Dihet q\u00eb n\u00eb fundin e shekullit XI dhe fillimin e shekullit XII, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Robert Guiscard dhe Bohemond, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ishin invazionet normande. Nuk di n\u00ebse frank\u00ebt, dhe k\u00ebtu kjo fjal\u00eb sakt\u00ebsohet mir\u00eb si \u201cFrancs\u201d, pra q\u00eb frank\u00ebt e Champagne-s t\u00eb k\u00ebn\u00eb kryer aksione n\u00eb k\u00ebto male t\u00eb larta t\u00eb Epirit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb kryqtar\u00ebt q\u00eb shoq\u00ebronin n\u00eb vitin 1240 Thibaut de Champagne, dhe q\u00eb e bastis\u00ebn aq shum\u00eb arqipelagun, p\u00ebr tu shpaguar p\u00ebr thyerjen e tyre n\u00eb Tok\u00ebn e Shenjt\u00eb, mund q\u00eb ata t\u00eb ken\u00eb shkelur n\u00eb at\u00eb ishull t\u00eb Apokalispit dhe ta ken\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar si shp\u00ebrblim n\u00eb manastirin e Sh\u00ebn Gjonit n\u00eb Patmos. Pra nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur q\u00eb Codex Beratinus t\u00eb ket\u00eb ardhur nga Patmos n\u00eb Berat q\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin e XIV, ose m\u00eb mir\u00eb nga Azia e Vog\u00ebl, apo Siria, p\u00ebr n\u00eb Patmos para shekullit XIII.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n

Kur Batiffol mori n\u00eb dor\u00eb\u00a0Codex Beratinus<\/em>\u00a0t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb VI, aq sa u g\u00ebzua, aq dhe u trishtua, pasi kodiku ishte me nj\u00eb lidhje druri (dy kapak\u00eb, ku ishin vendosur n\u00eb mes flet\u00ebt e lidhura t\u00eb kodikut, ku shkruhej viti 1805, koh\u00eb kur ishte vendosur ky lloj kapaku. Ai vuri n\u00eb dukje, sidomos n\u00eb faqet e fillimit, q\u00eb an\u00ebt e flet\u00ebve ishin t\u00eb brejtura dhe t\u00eb \u00e7puara nga mizat, flet\u00ebt e grisura ishin vendosur keq, g\u00ebrmat ishin oksiduar dhe se e purpura ishte zbehur, por pas flet\u00ebs 7, \u201clibri paraqitet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00ebndje t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer<\/em>\u201d… Ai v\u00ebshtronte form\u00ebn e g\u00ebrmave, n\u00ebse ishin t\u00eb drejta apo t\u00eb pjerrta, t\u00eb bashkuara apo t\u00eb ndara, t\u00eb rrumbullakta apo t\u00eb zgjatura, etj, pasi \u00e7do shenj\u00eb e shkrimit i referohej nj\u00eb epoke t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb historin\u00eb e kaligrafis\u00eb s\u00eb dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb shenjta. Sigurisht, studimet q\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb kish\u00ebn e Rossano-s n\u00eb Kalabri, \u00e7ka ishte dhe teza e disertacionit t\u00eb tij, e ndihmonte shum\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb shkrimit t\u00eb kodikut. Dhe \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht, karakteristikat e tyre p\u00ebrafroheshin, duke e bindur m\u00eb pas q\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kodik ta datonte t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb VI, dhe jo m\u00eb von\u00eb, si\u00e7 kishte menduar n\u00eb fillim. Batiffol-i nuk p\u00ebrm\u00ebnd n\u00eb studimin e tij n\u00ebse ka ekzistuar apo nj\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cscriptoria\u201d n\u00eb Berat. Mund t\u00eb thuhet jo, pasi, \u201cscriptoria\u201d-t gj\u00ebndeshin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb v\u00ebnde t\u00eb fuqishme e me tradit\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebm\u00eb. Ngritja e nj\u00eb \u201cscriptoria\u201d do t\u00eb thoshte q\u00eb ose t\u00eb ishe nj\u00eb v\u00ebnd i krishter\u00eb mjaft i fuqish\u00ebm, ose t\u00eb ishe nj\u00eb v\u00ebnd mjaft i lidhur me perandorin ose prij\u00ebsin e kish\u00ebs s\u00eb Konstantinopoj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Duket se n\u00eb Berat, Batiffol ka q\u00ebndruar jo shum\u00eb koh\u00eb. Sigurisht, ai do t\u00eb kishte dashur t\u00eb q\u00ebndronte m\u00eb shum\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodh gjithnj\u00eb me studjuesit q\u00eb pik\u00ebtakojn\u00eb papritur vlerat e m\u00ebdha historike. Nj\u00eb rrethan\u00eb ndoshta sigurije, e ka shtyr\u00eb t\u00eb largohet, por sh\u00ebnimet q\u00eb mori i sh\u00ebrbyen shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb studimet e m\u00ebtejshme krahasimore me dor\u00ebshkrimet, apo kodik\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb ekzistonin q\u00eb nga shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb. Batiffol-i ishte habitur q\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00eb t\u00eb kapakut t\u00eb nj\u00ebrit prej kodik\u00ebve kishte lexuar: \u00abShikojini shkronjat e k\u00ebtij ungjilli t\u00eb shkruar nga vet\u00eb dora e Gjon Gojartit, kur ai ishte n\u00eb Antioche, n\u00eb atdheun e tij<\/em>\u00bb. Dhe kjo do t\u00eb ishte af\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb zbulim kapital p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se autoshkrimi i\u00a0Codex Purpureus Beratinus,<\/em>\u00a0si\u00e7 e quan ai n\u00eb vitin 1885, kodikun ton\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, \u00abishte nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb bukurit e stilit \u00abunicial\u00bb t\u00eb lasht\u00eb dhe i ngjash\u00ebm me\u00a0Dioscoride-s<\/em>\u00a0e Vien\u00ebs,\u00a0Codex Patmiensis<\/em>\u00a0apo\u00a0Palimpsestin<\/em>\u00a0e Sh\u00ebn Petersburgut. Lumturisht, kodik\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb vyer q\u00eb pa Batiffol-i n\u00eb Berat, mbijetuan gjer n\u00eb dit\u00ebt tona. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb, humb\u00ebn, dhe askush nuk e di se cili ka q\u00ebn\u00eb fati i tyre: luftra, djegje kishash, rr\u00ebnime nga t\u00ebrmetet, apo shtegtime drejt v\u00ebndesh q\u00eb ende nuk i njohim?…<\/p>\n

[1] Evangeliaire, lib\u00ebr q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban pasazhe t\u00eb ungjijve p\u00ebr tu lexuar ose k\u00ebnduar n\u00eb \u00e7do dit\u00eb t\u00eb vitit liturgjik.<\/p>\n

[2] P. Batiffol (1961-1929), rektor i Institutit katolik t\u00eb Toulon-it dhe peshkop i Toulouse-s, ishte gjithashtu zbulues dor\u00ebshkrimesh apokrif\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb historian i Kristianizmit. Nd\u00ebr veprat e tij t\u00eb njohura jan\u00eb t\u00eb tij\u00a0L\u2019Eglise naissante et le Catholicisme<\/em>,\u00a0Catedra Petri<\/em>,\u00a0La Paix<\/em>constantinienne et le catholicisme<\/em>,\u00a0L\u2019Eucharistie<\/em>\u00a0(e ndaluar nga Kisha), etj.<\/p>\n

[3] Botuar n\u00eb\u00a0M\u00e9langes d\u2019Arch\u00e9ologie et d\u2019Histoire<\/em>, Biblioth\u00e8que Ecole de Chartes, vol.5, 1885.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Codex<\/p>\n

Codex Rosanensis me te cilin krahasohet Beratinus 1<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"ilustrime<\/p>\n

ilustrime te kodeksit Rosanensis 042.<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Rosanensis\"<\/p>\n

Rosanensis<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Rosanensis\"<\/p>\n

Rosanensis<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Rosanensis\"<\/p>\n

Rosanensis<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Rosanensis\"<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00abDor\u00ebshkrimet\u00a0Purpureus\u00bb\u2026   N\u00eb kronikat e vjetra shkruhet rreth djegjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb manastiri dhe nj\u00eb murgu, q\u00eb kur kishte r\u00ebn\u00eb zjarri, gj\u00ebja e par\u00eb q\u00eb ai kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb ishte shp\u00ebtimi i dor\u00ebshkrimeve t\u00eb vjetra. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb flak\u00ebt i afroheshin bibliotek\u00ebs dhe librave t\u00eb shenjt\u00eb,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-intervista"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4322","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4322"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4322\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4324,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4322\/revisions\/4324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4322"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4322"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4322"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}