{"id":4164,"date":"2014-03-18T16:54:08","date_gmt":"2014-03-18T16:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=4164"},"modified":"2014-03-18T16:54:08","modified_gmt":"2014-03-18T16:54:08","slug":"ngritja-dhe-renia-e-reformes-agrare","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=4164","title":{"rendered":"Ngritja dhe r\u00ebnia e reform\u00ebs agrare"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Danja Sinanaj<\/strong> (BA, MA, PhD following)<\/p>\n

Qendra e studimeve albanologjike<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Hyrje<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e shteteve zbatuan reforma me karakter politik e shoq\u00ebror, q\u00eb kishin si q\u00ebllim zbutjen apo eliminimin e padrejt\u00ebsive sociale[1]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. N\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e ngjarjeve u b\u00eb gjithashtu e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme v\u00ebnia n\u00eb zbatim e nj\u00eb reforme mbi tok\u00ebn, q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb sillte nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm, por do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte t\u00eb mundur eliminimin e prapambetjes ekonomike dhe zhdukjen e koncepteve feudale, q\u00eb ende ekzistonin.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet gjysm\u00eb-feudale mbaheshin ende midis \u00e7ifligar\u00ebve dhe bujqve, por nuk sillnin prodhimin e duhur bujq\u00ebsor dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye pronar\u00ebve iu leverdiste m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u2019i jepnin tokat e tyre me qera si kullota sesa t\u00eb merrnin prej bujqve rent\u00ebn p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. N\u00eb dhjetor 1928, me hapjen e parlamentit, Ahmet Zogu u shpreh se ishte e nevojshme nj\u00eb reform\u00eb e re agrare. U mendua ideja e shpron\u00ebsimit t\u00eb \u00e7ifligar\u00ebve pa asnj\u00eb lloj pagese si shp\u00ebrblim dhe tokat e mbledhura t\u2019iu shp\u00ebrndaheshin bujqve. Zogu nuk ishte plot\u00ebsisht i gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb merrte nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb duke qen\u00eb se donte t\u00eb mbante n\u00eb krah pronar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj, megjith\u00ebse kishte hequr pjes\u00ebrisht dor\u00eb nga pozita si kryetar konservator q\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsonte pronar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb tokave, q\u00eb ai kryesonte deri n\u00eb 1924. Projekti i k\u00ebsaj reforme agrare mbase ishte nj\u00eb form\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi e paralajm\u00ebrimi ndaj pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr mashtrim ndaj atyre liberal\u00ebve t\u00eb pak\u00ebt q\u00eb ekzistonin n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri[2]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb projekt-ligjit mbi ndarjen e tokave, \u00e7ifligar\u00ebt u treguan m\u00eb t\u00eb zgjuar duke qen\u00eb se i cop\u00ebtuan tokat e tyre dhe i ndan\u00eb me familjar\u00ebt e tyre, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kontratave t\u00eb dhurimit t\u00eb cilat ishin fiktive dhe iu jepnin k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i rimarr\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen mbrapsht e p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebzuar t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb drejtat q\u00eb lidhen me to.\u00a0 Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e tyre k\u00ebrkoi treg edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shitur realisht pronat, duke investuar parat\u00eb e fituara nga k\u00ebta transaksione n\u00eb vende si Italia, Korfuzi apo Austria[3]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. K\u00ebshtu reforma agrare prej k\u00ebsisoj manovrash b\u00ebhej e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u aplikuar q\u00eb n\u00eb hyrjen n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb saj. Madje edhe pas miratimit t\u00eb ligjit agrar, neni 5 i k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit njihte t\u00eb vlefshme edhe shit-blerjet e b\u00ebra pas hyrjes n\u00eb fuqi, me lejen e zyr\u00ebs s\u00eb reform\u00ebs agrare (neni 7). K\u00ebto shitje fiktive dhe jofiktive b\u00ebnin t\u00eb mundur p\u00ebr \u00e7ifligarin t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndante pron\u00ebn e tij midis njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb af\u00ebrt apo miq, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos prekej nga kjo reform\u00eb.<\/p>\n

I.<\/p>\n

Ligji i reform\u00ebs agrare u dekretua nga Zogu m\u00eb 3 maj 1930. Projektligji i k\u00ebsaj u p\u00ebrpilua nga Mehdi Frash\u00ebri, Kryetar i K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Shtetit Shqiptar, Said Toptani e Maliq Bushati, deputet\u00eb t\u00eb parlamentit, Agjah Libohova, Kryetar i Deg\u00ebs Penale t\u00eb Gjyqit t\u00eb Diktimit dhe nga Dr. Vavako, Inspektor i pyjeve. P\u00ebrpara se k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb merreshin me t\u00eb, u ftua nj\u00eb profesor i Universitetit t\u00eb Firences Giovanni Lorenzoni dhe u ngrit nj\u00eb komision i posa\u00e7\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcakonte direktivat kryesore t\u00eb k\u00ebtij projekti t\u00eb madh.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb thelbin e saj, reforma parashikonte shpron\u00ebsimin e pjessh\u00ebm t\u00eb pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, duke u marr\u00eb prej tyre vet\u00ebm ajo pjes\u00eb e pron\u00ebs q\u00eb konsiderohej e tep\u00ebrt dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht ajo tentoi t\u00eb pjestonte pasurin\u00eb e k\u00ebtij vendi, duke shtuar numrin e pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl e bujqve[4]<\/a>. Pjesa e tep\u00ebrt, e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, nxirrej n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet disa llogaritjesh. K\u00ebshtu nj\u00eb \u00e7ifligari i llogaritej se p\u00ebr nevojat familjare i duheshin 40 hektar\u00eb tok\u00eb (kur familja p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej me m\u00eb pak se pes\u00eb veta; p\u00ebr \u00e7do pjestar tjet\u00ebr shtoheshin pes\u00eb hektar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb). Sasia e tok\u00ebs q\u00eb mbetej mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb ndahej n\u00eb tre pjes\u00eb: dy prej tyre i mbeteshin pronarit, t\u00eb cilat ai i shfryt\u00ebzonte n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pun\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00e7if\u00e7injve, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb e treta do t\u2019i takonte bujkut dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb do t\u00eb konsiderohej pronar. Gjithashtu, vet\u00eb reforma parashikonte se jo \u00e7dokush do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej me tok\u00eb (rreth dy t\u00eb tretat e bujqve pa tok\u00eb ose me pak tok\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonin prej saj); ajo duhet t\u00eb paguhej dhe t\u00eb mir\u00ebmbahej.<\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, familja e bujkut p\u00ebrfitonte prej reform\u00ebs agrare 0.5 hektar\u00eb tok\u00eb p\u00ebr frym\u00eb, por n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj rasti kjo sasi nuk do t’i kalonte 5 hektar\u00eb. Kurse, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha ato familje bujqish, t\u00eb cilat zot\u00ebronin nj\u00eb far\u00eb toke, por q\u00eb nuk i kalonte 5 hektar\u00ebt, Zyra Agrare do t\u00eb kryente kompensimin p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn e mbetur. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb personat q\u00eb parashikoheshin si p\u00ebrfitues prej Reform\u00ebs Agrare, duhet t\u00eb paraqisnin nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb pran\u00eb Zyr\u00ebs Agrare, duke p\u00ebrcaktuar edhe vendin e tok\u00ebs q\u00eb ata do t\u00eb d\u00ebshironin t\u00eb kishin. Kjo e fundit lidhej me Zyr\u00ebn e Hipotekave dhe i transmetonte list\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfituesve, bashk\u00eb me sip\u00ebrfaqet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse t\u00eb tokave. Kujtojm\u00eb se, me hyrjen n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb Kodit Civil t\u00eb 1929, u suprimuan kadastrat dhe me an\u00eb t\u00eb ligjit t\u00eb 17.04.1929 \u201cMbi zyrat e hipotekave dhe taksat e tyre\u201d<\/em>, u krijuan k\u00ebto zyra hipotekore.\u00a0 Si hap i fundit, b\u00ebhej transkriptimi i akteve t\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb regjistrat kadastral\u00eb, q\u00eb njihnin zyrtarisht kalimin e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe njohjen e saj[5]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>, por gjithashtu b\u00ebhej edhe inskriptimi i hipotekave t\u00eb reja dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb tjera reale t\u00eb tok\u00ebs n\u00eb mjedise urbane dhe bujq\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

II.<\/p>\n

Konceptet baz\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e statusit t\u00eb pronarit dhe tagrave q\u00eb lidhen me k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb fundit u konsakruan si nga Kushtetuta n\u00eb nenin 198, e cila shprehej se \u201cE drejta e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebr \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj pasunije q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e padhunueshme; pa mos qen\u00eb e v\u00ebrtetueme rregullisht nevoja e interesit botnuer, dhe pa mos u pague vlefta e arsyeshme, si mbas ligj\u00ebs s\u00eb posa\u00e7me, nuk mund t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsohet pasunija e kurkujt\u201d, <\/em>por gjithashtu edhe nga Kodi Civil, i cili b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb rregullim m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb pron\u00ebs. Megjith\u00eb ndryshimet legjislative, nuk ishte siguruar ende drejt\u00ebsia sociale dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente parimisht dhe praktikisht reforma agrare. Dyshimet e mosfunksionimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj reforme lidhen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me p\u00ebrpiluesit e k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb fundit: pronar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj. Duke qen\u00eb se nj\u00eb prej pikave t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj refome ishte shpron\u00ebsimi deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre pronar\u00ebve, mund t\u00eb themi se n\u00eb pozitat q\u00eb ata ishin n\u00eb legjislativ, e b\u00ebnin situat\u00ebn kompromentuese.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, shpron\u00ebsimi do t\u00eb sillte disa aspekte t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e shtresave t\u00eb varfra t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb, si n\u00eb rritjen dhe zhvillimin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb si deg\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore e ekonomis\u00eb shqiptare, por gjithashtu edhe heqjen e pjesshme t\u00eb s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs s\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb nga disa persona vet\u00ebm me t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblimit, si element i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm demokratik. Nga ky arsyetim kuptojm\u00eb se reforma agrare e p\u00ebrjashtonte konfiskimin, ashtu sikurse edhe Kushtetuta n\u00eb nenin 208[6]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>, i cili shpjegon se \u201cKonfiskimi asht i ndaluem dhe s\u2019mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ve\u00e7se mbas ligj\u00ebs me vendim gjyqi\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu krijimi i Bank\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe i kontrat\u00ebs-tip ishin dy element\u00eb inovator\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrparimtar\u00eb q\u00eb mendohej se do t\u00eb sillnin zhvillim sipas reform\u00ebs agrare. E para do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbente si institucion i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm kreditimi, sidomos p\u00ebr fshatar\u00ebt q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin t\u00eb investonin kryesisht n\u00eb mjete t\u00eb reja pune, duke suprimuar kamat\u00ebn q\u00eb deri n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb, i b\u00ebnte fshatar\u00ebt t\u00eb hiqnin totalisht dor\u00eb nga toka dhe nga frytet e saj. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se kamata mund t\u00eb shkonte nga 50-100% t\u00eb vler\u00ebs s\u00eb huas\u00eb s\u00eb marr\u00eb dhe jepej kryesisht nga myltezim\u00ebt, nga tregtar\u00ebt e mes\u00ebm t\u00eb qyteteve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e shihnin k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb huadh\u00ebnie si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb fitimi, pavar\u00ebsish pasojave sociale q\u00eb ajo sillte[7]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Banka Komb\u00ebtare Bujq\u00ebsore u krijua si institucion kreditimi, i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetjen e Reform\u00ebs Agrare me ligjin e 3 maj 1930, por ajo nuk filloi t\u00eb funksiononte deri n\u00eb vitin 1937. Ajo kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim dh\u00ebnien e kredive p\u00ebr kryerjen e veprimtarive agrare, p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e pron\u00ebs, kultivimin, administrimin dhe transformimin e saj. Kjo bank\u00eb do t\u00eb fillonte t\u00eb funksiononte pasi t\u00eb ishte kryer derdhja e 1\/3 s\u00eb kapitalit t\u00eb paravendosur prej 5.000.000 frangash ari[8]<\/a>. Ky kapital fillestar do t\u00eb krijohej prej \u00e7mimit t\u00eb tokave t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsuara n\u00eb favor t\u00eb bujqve proletar\u00eb, t\u00eb mbeturat nga huaja e ish Bank\u00ebs s\u00eb sundimit osman q\u00eb kishin hyr\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat e shtetit dhe t\u00eb hyrat e tjera q\u00eb do t\u00eb vinin pas zbatimit t\u00eb Reform\u00ebs Agrare[9]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Pavar\u00ebsisht q\u00ebllimit madhor q\u00eb kishte kjo bank\u00eb, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri ajo nuk i kreu funksionet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat ajo ishte krijuar.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrsa i p\u00ebrket kontrat\u00ebs-tip, ajo kishte si q\u00ebllim t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbyste regjimin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm pronar-bujk dhe t\u00eb vendoste marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie kontraktuale mes pal\u00ebve, duke shfaqur vullnetin e t\u00eb dyja pal\u00ebve dhe p\u00eblqimin p\u00ebr kushtet e v\u00ebna. Ajo do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktonte t\u00eb drejtat dhe detyrimet e pal\u00ebve, duke u bazuar n\u00eb Kodin Civil, por edhe n\u00eb zakonet e mira q\u00eb kishte \u00e7do zon\u00eb e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Ajo kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim, de jure, t\u00eb vendoste n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin plan dhe t\u2019ju jepte t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi pal\u00ebve, si pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, ashtu edhe fshatar\u00ebve me pak tok\u00eb, ose pa tok\u00eb fare. Pra, ajo i siguronte bujqve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk kishin tok\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme, t\u00eb punonin n\u00eb toka private, duke vendosur vijat e p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb \u201cmarr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies koloniale\u201d midis sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsve dhe pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve bujq\u00ebsor\u00eb[10]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

III.<\/p>\n

Shpron\u00ebsimi do t\u00eb b\u00ebnte t\u00eb mundur krijimin e pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb g\u00ebzonin nj\u00eb pron\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, pa patur nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsin\u00eb e shtetit apo t\u00eb personave t\u00eb tret\u00eb. Kategorit\u00eb e personave q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonin nga reforma p\u00ebrfshinin: \u00e7do bujk t\u00eb martuar ose t\u00eb ve, \u00e7do e ve bujku me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e saj, f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e bujqve t\u00eb mbetur jetim\u00eb, bujqit proletar\u00eb me pasuri t\u00eb vog\u00ebl dhe t\u00eb pamjaftueshme, mbi mosh\u00ebn 60 vje\u00e7are, personat e pazot\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vepruar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb t\u00eb metave t\u00eb tyre fizike dhe mendore dhe \u00e7do person tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb nuk siguronte dot minimumin jetik[11]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, ligji kishte parashikuar nj\u00eb kufizim q\u00eb lidhej me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb pron\u00ebs. Ai shprehej se shteti mund ta rimerrte pron\u00ebn e \u201cdhuruar\u201d, n\u00eb rast se toka nuk do t\u00eb punohej rregullisht. Pronari i ri duhet t\u00eb deklaronte se do t\u00eb tentonte gjithnj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonte tok\u00ebn dhe ta kryente nj\u00eb akt t\u00eb till\u00eb. Ai kishte si detyrim ligjor p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e saj, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb pronar i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, n\u00eb raport me sendin mund t\u00eb sillet ashtu si\u00e7 ka d\u00ebshir\u00eb. Madje ai edhe mund ta shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht, sigurisht pa d\u00ebmtuar apo c\u00ebnuar t\u00eb drejtat e t\u00eb tret\u00ebve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast duket se reforma agrare nuk e njeh t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb disponuar lirisht sendin, duke qen\u00eb se pronarit i vihen kufizime n\u00eb m\u00ebnyrat e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb saj dhe sanksioni n\u00eb rast t\u00eb moszbatimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb fundit, \u00e7onte s\u00ebrish n\u00eb shpron\u00ebsim.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ta zbutur pak k\u00ebt\u00eb dispozit\u00eb, gjithsesi parashikohej se \u201cBrenda 2 vjet\u00ebve nga hyrja n\u00eb fuqi e ligjit agrar, pronar\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb parashtrojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpara zyr\u00ebs agrare gjendjen mbi ndryshimin bujq\u00ebsor sipas kapacitetit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, duke ndar\u00eb tokat e tyre n\u00eb zona dhe duke treguar se cilat jan\u00eb zonat prioritare, \u00e7far\u00eb pun\u00ebsh do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen n\u00eb to, cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb mjetet financiare q\u00eb do p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn, k\u00ebto ndryshime do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen vet\u00eb apo me qiramarr\u00ebs<\/em>\u201d (neni 32).\u00a0 Sipas k\u00ebtij neni kuptojm\u00eb se ligji kishte l\u00ebn\u00eb disa margjina kohor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrgatitur pronar\u00ebt e rinj. Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, kjo nuk e justifikon c\u00ebnimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb tagrave t\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Shpron\u00ebsimi, si\u00e7 edhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb par\u00eb kryhej me kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblim dhe masa fillestar e k\u00ebsaj shume shkonte nga 100-160 frangra ari. N\u00eb fakt, me k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb u abuzua prej pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, duke arritur shifra t\u00eb pap\u00ebrballueshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat asnj\u00eb fshatar nuk ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb paguante (600-700)[12]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Duke par\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb form\u00eb abuzimi, u vendos se kund\u00ebrshp\u00ebrblimi do t\u00eb merrte trajt\u00ebn e nj\u00eb pagese prej 20 frangash ari, si form\u00eb simbolike e kalimit t\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb. Si kufizim tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb mbrojtje t\u00eb pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, u vendos gjithashtu se n\u00eb asnj\u00eb lloj rasti nuk mund t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsohej nj\u00eb person, n\u00eb rast se ai do t\u00eb zot\u00ebronte deri n\u00eb 100 hektar\u00eb tok\u00eb. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, p\u00ebrjashtoheshin nga shpron\u00ebsimi kullotat, pyjet, vreshtat, ullishtat, kopshtet dhe pemishtet, vendet arkeologjike, guroret si dhe \u00e7do tok\u00eb tjet\u00ebr me destinacion publik q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohej nga shteti.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu shpron\u00ebsimi, ashtu sikurse ishte renditur edhe n\u00eb Kodin Civil t\u00eb 1929, do t\u00eb konsiderohej si nj\u00eb prej formave t\u00eb fitimit t\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr pal\u00ebn p\u00ebrfituese. Prandaj, konstatimi i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm bie deri diku n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me \u00e7ka po themi n\u00eb vazhdim, duke qen\u00eb se fitim pron\u00ebsie me kusht nuk ka n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn juridike. Pronat shtet\u00ebrore do t\u00eb ishin pasurit\u00eb e para q\u00eb do t\u00eb viheshin n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb personave pa tok\u00eb, ose me pak tok\u00eb, sipas reform\u00ebs agrare. Duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se pronar\u00ebt e m\u00ebdhenj g\u00ebzonin m\u00eb shum\u00eb prona s\u00eb bashku, se sa vet\u00eb shteti, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e b\u00ebn ironik vendin e privilegjuar t\u00eb tyre. Proporcioni midis pronave private dhe atyre shtet\u00ebrore mendohej t\u00eb ishte 2\/3 me 1\/3, pron\u00ebsi q\u00eb shtrihej n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha zonat fushore t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, e p\u00ebrq\u00ebndruar n\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 165 familje[13]<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Ligji p\u00ebr reform\u00ebn agrare preku 8109,5 hektar\u00eb tok\u00eb, ku 3411,5 hektar\u00eb i p\u00ebrkisnin pronave shtet\u00ebrore dhe 4698 hektar\u00eb ishin prona private[14]<\/a>.\u00a0Sasia e k\u00ebsaj toke nuk i plot\u00ebsonte pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb e shtetit shqiptar p\u00ebr zbatimin e k\u00ebsaj reforme. Si\u00e7 duket prej k\u00ebtyre t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, u vu n\u00eb dispozicion edhe prona shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme, t\u00eb krahasueshme me pron\u00ebn private q\u00eb iu mor personave fizik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

IV.<\/p>\n

Ashtu sikurse edhe n\u00eb \u00e7do aspekt tjet\u00ebr social, ekonomik, politik etj, edhe n\u00eb aspektin pron\u00ebsor, shteti shqiptar ka mbajtur nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim m\u00eb t\u00eb but\u00eb e tolerant ndaj minoriteteve dhe zot\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb tyre. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb, n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ballkanik\u00eb si Serbia, apo Greqia minoritetet po largoheshin me dhun\u00eb, duke c\u00ebnuar k\u00ebshtu t\u00eb gjith\u00eb katalogun e t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu edhe t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e pron\u00ebs, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri u mbajt nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim krejt\u00ebsisht ndryshe.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb Monarkis\u00eb, shteti shqiptar nuk ndoqi asnj\u00eb lloj politike shpron\u00ebsuese ndaj pakicave etnike t\u00eb asaj kohe, q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. P\u00ebr ta theksuar akoma m\u00eb tep\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ide, vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet fakti se minoritetet q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri gjat\u00eb viteve 1920-1930 e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuan gjendjen e tyre ekonomike dhe krijuan nj\u00eb status m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuar n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb krijohej shteti shqiptar, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e k\u00ebsaj popullsie minoritare kishin statusin e bujkut \u00e7if\u00e7i, por ky status erdhi gjithnj\u00eb e duke u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar[15]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>, sidomos me hyrjen n\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb ligjeve mbi qeramarrjen e tokave bujq\u00ebsore. Kjo solli kalimin e kategoris\u00eb nga bujku pa tok\u00eb, n\u00eb bujk me tok\u00eb, duke hedhur nj\u00eb hap t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb kategori personash dhe duke iu atribuuar titullin pronar.<\/p>\n

Pra, pozita e pakicave komb\u00ebtare erdhi duke u konsoliduar, jo vet\u00ebm sociologjikisht, por edhe ekonomikisht, duke qen\u00eb se dh\u00ebnia e pronave p\u00ebrforcoi gjendjen e tyre financiare dhe rriti sigurin\u00eb e jetes\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend si Shqip\u00ebria. I vetmi rast, ku shteti nuk arriti t\u00eb shuante konfliktin e pronarit t\u00eb fshatit Goric\u00eb, Maliq bej Frash\u00ebri me bujqit q\u00eb punonin n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fshat, solli si rezultat largmin p\u00ebrfundimtar t\u00eb banor\u00ebve nga Shqip\u00ebria.\u00a0 Edhe me familje t\u00eb tjera nga Kosova dhe vende t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan, u ndoq\u00ebn politika strehuese, t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn, q\u00eb prek\u00ebn rreth 20,000 t\u00eb shp\u00ebrngulur, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u sistemuan kryesisht n\u00eb Fier dhe Durr\u00ebs fal\u00eb reform\u00ebs agrare[16]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur u mblodh Konferenca e par\u00eb ballkanike, u b\u00eb qart\u00ebsisht i njohur q\u00ebndrimi i shtetit shqiptar ndaj minoriteteve, duke qen\u00eb se edhe vet\u00eb si shtet kishte nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij q\u00eb jetonin jasht\u00eb shtetit, sidomos n\u00eb vende si Jugosllavia dhe Greqia. Prandaj, delegacioni i drejtuar prej Mehmet Konic\u00ebs propozonte krijimin e nj\u00eb projekti q\u00eb do t\u00eb mbronte pakicat komb\u00ebtare dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, mbrojtjen reciproke t\u00eb shteteve ballkanike n\u00eb rast sulmesh nga Fuqit\u00eb e M\u00ebdha[17]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Ky propozim u mb\u00ebshtet kryesisht nga Bullgaria, e cila ndodhej n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn situat\u00eb si Shqip\u00ebria, por u mor gjithashtu edhe nj\u00eb aprovim i heshtur nga Turqia dhe Rumania, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb delegacioni serb pati rezervat e veta mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje[18]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Pra, kjo d\u00ebshmon, ashtu sikurse u p\u00ebrmend edhe m\u00ebsip\u00ebr se \u00e7\u00ebshtja e minoriteteve ishte e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr shtetin shqiptar, sepse duke mbrojtur pakicat e huaja, shpresohej t\u00eb mbroheshin edhe pakicat tona n\u00eb vendet ballkanike, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu mbrojtjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb specifike, t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave pron\u00ebsore.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebrfundime<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Megjith\u00eb pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb e hartuesve t\u00eb ligjit agrar, reforma u zbatua n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe pas vitit 1935 ajo u harrua t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga pushteti qendror. N\u00eb dispozicion t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj reforme u vendos nj\u00eb sasi e konsiderueshme toke, por duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb se nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe prej saj ishte e papunueshme prej dekadash dhe k\u00ebrkonte investime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr ta risjell\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb bujku nuk mund ta realizonte.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre u rivendos\u00ebn pozitat si m\u00ebpar\u00eb, ku \u00e7ifligari shfryt\u00ebzonte \u00e7if\u00e7iun dhe ku vet\u00eb shteti p\u00ebrdorte forc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb detyruar t\u00eb parin t\u00eb paguante t\u00eb dhjet\u00ebn dhe taksat shtet\u00ebrore. Gjithashtu, duhet theksuar se reforma ishte praktikisht e pa aplikueshme, duke qen\u00eb se \u201cP\u00ebr nj\u00eb hektar t\u00eb shpron\u00ebsuar dhe t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb p\u00ebr instalimin e fshatar\u00ebve pa tok\u00eb, me pak tok\u00eb dhe t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve u harxhuan 117 fr. ari. Kujtojm\u00eb se vet\u00eb fshatari paguante vet\u00ebm 20 fr. ari p\u00ebr tok\u00ebn e p\u00ebrftuar\u201d<\/em>[19]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, disa studiues e shohin reform\u00ebn agrare, jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb d\u00ebshtuar dhe t\u00eb pa aplikuar n\u00eb vend, por gjithashtu edhe si mjet nd\u00ebshkues q\u00eb mund ta p\u00ebrdorte mbreti kundra ndonj\u00eb pronari t\u00eb madh tokash, q\u00eb nuk ka ndjekur rregullat e k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit, ose m\u00eb thjesht\u00eb nuk i \u00ebsht\u00eb bindur[20]<\/sup><\/sup><\/a>. Gjithashtu, si pjes\u00eb e reform\u00ebs agrare ishin edhe ngritja e Bank\u00ebs \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Bujq\u00ebsore dhe kontrat\u00ebs-tip, por e para hyri n\u00eb funksion me shum\u00eb vones\u00eb dhe nuk influencoi aspak n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjen e pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj, kurse e dyta u zbeh shpejt, p\u00ebr arsye se element\u00ebt kontraktues nuk ishin b\u00ebr\u00eb ende praktik\u00eb e zakonshme p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt. K\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit e kishin m\u00eb t\u00eb kollajt\u00eb t\u2019i riktheheshin marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve feudale, se sa t\u2019i p\u00ebrshtateshin legjislacionit t\u00eb ri.<\/p>\n

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Bibliografi<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Historia e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, v\u00ebll. II, Instituti i historis\u00eb dhe i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, Tiran\u00eb, 1965.<\/p>\n

Kareco, T.: \u201cReforma agrare demokratike nga nj\u00eb Monark\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb \u201cMonarkia shqiptare 1929-1938\u201d<\/em>, Qendra e studimeve albanologjike, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011.<\/p>\n

Meta, B.: \u201cPolitikat e shtetit shqiptar ndaj minoriteteve gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb monarkis\u00eb\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb \u201cMonarkia shqiptare 1929-1938\u201d,<\/em> Qendra e studimeve albanologjike, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011.<\/p>\n

Selenica, T.: \u201cShqip\u00ebria n\u00eb 1937\u201d,<\/em> v\u00ebll. II,\u00a0 Tiran\u00eb, 1938.<\/p>\n

Lorenzoni, G.: \u201c\u00c7\u00ebshtja agrare shqiptare\u201d,<\/em> Shtypshkronja \u201cMbroth\u00ebsia\u201d<\/em>, K. P. Luarasi, Tiran\u00eb, 1930.<\/p>\n

Sk\u00ebndi, S.: \u201cThe political evolution in Albania\u201d<\/em>, Qendra p\u00ebr studimet e Europ\u00ebs Qendrore e Komitetit Komb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn e lir\u00eb, New York, 8 mars 1954.<\/p>\n

Shahini, A.: \u201cAlbania Between Italy and the First Balkan Conference 1930\u201d<\/em>, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 3, shtator 2012.<\/p>\n

Verli, M.: \u201cInteresimi i shtetit shqiptare p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb Jugosllavi n\u00eb vitet 20-30 t\u00eb shek. XX\u201d<\/em>, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011.<\/p>\n

Villari, G. dhe Truddaiu M.: \u201cL\u2019Albania alle soglie del XX secolo\u201d<\/em>, Notiziario del Centro Numismatico Valdostano, Anno II, N. 3, qershor 2006.<\/p>\n

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Burime arkivore <\/strong><\/p>\n

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AQSH, P.151, D.103, V.1930, P.154.<\/p>\n

AQSH, f. 894, v. 1939, d. 600, \u201cPasqyr\u00eb mbi statistik\u00ebn bujq\u00ebsore t\u00eb Reform\u00ebs<\/em> Agrare\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

AQSH, Fletore Zyrtare nr.111, dat\u00eb 13 Dhjetor 1928, \u201cStatuti i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb Shqiptare\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

AQSH, <\/em>Fletore Zyrtare, nr. 60, dt. 08. 09. 1931, \u201cLigji p\u00ebr Reform\u00ebn Agrare\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n

USDS 875.00\/266: Tirana, nr. 542, 22 tetor 1928.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

La naissance et la chute de la r\u00e9forme agraire en Albanie<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s la seconde guerre mondiale, les pays europ\u00e9ens ont \u00e9labor\u00e9 et appliqu\u00e9 des r\u00e9formes politiques et sociales, qui avaient pour but d\u2019\u00e9liminer les injustices sociales. De m\u00eame, ces derniers ont mis en oeuvre une r\u00e9forme sur les terres, appel\u00e9e \u201cLa r\u00e9forme agraire\u201d.\u00a0 Dans l\u2019Albanie de cette \u00e9poque, les relations entre les propri\u00e9taires et les paysans \u00e9taient m\u00e9dievales, et c\u2019est pour cette raison que depuis la constitution de la R\u00e9publique Albanaise dirig\u00e9e par Ahmet Zogu, des d\u00e9marches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 prises.<\/p>\n

L\u2019id\u00e9e initiale \u00e9tait de redistribuer les terres de cultures en les confiquant \u00e0 leurs propri\u00e9taires sans les payer. Mais Ahmet Zogu avait peur de la leurs r\u00e9action, et il ne voulait pas les avoir contre lui, surtout les grands propri\u00e9taires. Ainsi, la r\u00e9forme pr\u00e9voyait que les grands propri\u00e9taires conservaient la plupart de la leur propri\u00e9t\u00e9, et ils ne devraient donner que la partie consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme \u201cde trop\u201d. De cette fa\u00e7on, une famille de paysans pouvait peu profiter de cette r\u00e9forme, car \u00e0 chaque personne s\u2019attribuait 0,5 hectare de terre, et n\u2019aucun cas \u00e7a ne pouvait pas d\u00e9passer les 5 hectares.<\/p>\n

En plus, le paiement de l\u2019expropriation \u00e9tait pr\u00e9vue d\u2019une somme de 100-160 francs en or par hectare. Cette somme \u00e9tait difficile d\u2019\u00eatre pay\u00e9e par les paysans, et elle est devenue au prix fort parce que les propri\u00e9taires ont profit\u00e9 de la situation terrible o\u00f9 ces gens vivaient, et ils ont augment\u00e9 le prix \u00e0 600-700 francs en or par hectare. Enfin, l\u2019\u00c9tat Albanais a consacr\u00e9 une loi selon laquelle le prix a \u00e9t\u00e9 fix\u00e9 \u00e0 20 francs en or par hectare. Il faut aussi pr\u00e9ciser que toutes les personnes qui achetaient ces terres, avaient ainsi l\u2019obligation de les cultiver, de les bien maintenir, sinon l\u2019\u00c9tat intervenait en les r\u00e9confisquant.<\/p>\n

M\u00eame si la loi sur la r\u00e9forme agraire a \u00e9t\u00e9 consider\u00e9e comme l\u2019une des lois les plus d\u00e9mocratiques de cette \u00e9poque, elle n\u2019a pas repondu aux n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s des citoyens. En effet, elle a touch\u00e9 4698 hectares de terres des personnes priv\u00e9es, et 3411,5 hectares de terrres qui appartenaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat. Au total, il y avait 8109,5 hectares de terres utilis\u00e9s pour contenter les gens. Ca veut dire que cette loi n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9ussie dans un point de vue sociologique, car elle n\u2019a pas aid\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9ssoudre la situation des paysans dans le pays; mais elle a quand m\u00eame construit une base d\u00e9mocratique, et juridique.<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n
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\n

[1]<\/a> Kareco, T.: \u201cReforma agrare demokratike nga nj\u00eb monark\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb \u201cMonarkia shqiptare 1929-1938\u201d<\/em>, Qendra e studimeve albanologjike, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011, f. 79.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[2]<\/a> Sk\u00ebndi, S.: \u201cThe political evolution in Albania\u201d<\/em>, Qendra p\u00ebr studimet e Europ\u00ebs Qendrore e Komitetit Komb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Europ\u00ebn e lir\u00eb, New York, Seri e mimeografuar, 8 mars 1954, f. 160.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[3]<\/a> USDS 875.00\/266: Tirana, nr. 542, 22 tetor 1928.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[4]<\/a> Selenica, T:: \u201cShqip\u00ebria n\u00eb 1937\u201d<\/em>, v\u00ebll. II, Tiran\u00eb, 1938, f. 885.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[5]<\/a> Historiku dhe funksioni i ZRPP-s\u00eb, n\u00eb http:\/\/www.zrpp.gov.al\/mat.php?idr=310&idm=12&lang=1<\/a>, konsultuar m\u00eb 06.11.2013, f.1.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[6]<\/a> AQSH, Fletore Zyrtare nr.111, dat\u00eb 13 Dhjetor 1928, \u201cStatuti i Mbret\u00ebris\u00eb Shqiptare\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[7]<\/a> Lorenzoni, G.: \u201c\u00c7\u00ebshtja agrare shqiptare\u201d,<\/em> Shtypshkronja \u201cMbroth\u00ebsia\u201d<\/em>, K. P. Luarasi, Tiran\u00eb, 1930, f. 123.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[8]<\/a> Neni 1: \u201cFormohet nji Bank\u00eb bujqsore kombtare me kapital fillestar fillimtar prej 5.000.000 (pes\u00eb miljon) fr. ari. Banka fillon nga veprimet e veta po sa t\u00eb derdhet nji e dheta e k\u00ebtij kapitali\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[9]<\/a> AQSH, <\/em>Fletore Zyrtare, nr. 60, dt. 08. 09. 1931, \u201cLigji p\u00ebr Reform\u00ebn Agrare\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[10]<\/a> Selenica, T.: \u201cShqip\u00ebria n\u00eb 1937\u201d<\/em>, v\u00ebll. II, Tiran\u00eb, 1938, f. 884.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[11]<\/a> AQSH, f. 894, v. 1939, d. 600, \u201cPasqyr\u00eb mbi statistik\u00ebn bujq\u00ebsore t\u00eb Reform\u00ebs Agrare\u201d<\/em>, f. 17.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[12]<\/a>\u00a0 Kareco, T.: \u201cReforma agrare demokratike nga nj\u00eb Monark\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb \u201cMonarkia shqiptare 1929-1938\u201d<\/em>, Qendra e studimeve albanologjike, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011, f. 90.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[13]<\/a> Selenica, T.: \u201cShqip\u00ebria n\u00eb 1937\u201d,<\/em> v\u00ebll. II, , Tiran\u00eb, 1938, f. 883.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[14]<\/a> Historia e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, v\u00ebll. II, Instituti i historis\u00eb dhe i gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb, Tiran\u00eb, 1965, f. 601.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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[15]<\/a> Meta, B.: \u201cPolitikat e shtetit shqiptar ndaj minoriteteve gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb monarkis\u00eb\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb \u201cMonarkia shqiptare 1929-1938\u201d,<\/em> Qendra e studimeve albanologjike, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011, f. 47.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[16]<\/a> Verli, M.: \u201cInteresimi i shtetit shqiptare p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt n\u00eb Jugosllavi n\u00eb vitet 20-30 t\u00eb shek. XX\u201d<\/em>, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011, f. 223.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[17]<\/a> Shahini, A.: \u201cAlbania Between Italy and the First Balkan Conference 1930\u201d<\/em>, Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, vol. 3, shtator 2012, f.2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[18]<\/a> AQSH, P.151, D.103, V.1930, P.154.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[19]<\/a> Kareco, T.: \u201cReforma agrare demokratike nga nj\u00eb Monark\u201d<\/em>, n\u00eb \u201cMonarkia shqiptare 1929-1938\u201d<\/em>, Qendra e studimeve albanologjike, Botimet Toena, Tiran\u00eb, 2011, f. 95.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

[20]<\/a> Villari, G. dhe Truddaiu M.: \u201cL\u2019Albania alle soglie del XX secolo\u201d<\/em>, Notiziario del Centro Numismatico Valdostano, Anno II, N. 3, qershor 2006, f. 7.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Danja Sinanaj (BA, MA, PhD following) Qendra e studimeve albanologjike   Hyrje   Pas luft\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb bot\u00ebrore, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e shteteve zbatuan reforma me karakter politik e shoq\u00ebror, q\u00eb kishin si q\u00ebllim zbutjen apo eliminimin e padrejt\u00ebsive sociale[1].<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publicistike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4164"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4166,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4164\/revisions\/4166"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}