{"id":3860,"date":"2014-01-08T17:20:02","date_gmt":"2014-01-08T17:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=3860"},"modified":"2014-01-08T17:20:02","modified_gmt":"2014-01-08T17:20:02","slug":"si-u-krijua-emri-etnik-i-shqiptareve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=3860","title":{"rendered":"SI U KRIJUA EMRI ETNIK I SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>PROF.DR.KRISTO FRASH\u00cbRI<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Kur n\u00eb shek. XI u shfaq emri alban\u00eb (\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03b1vo\u03b9) dhe arvanit\u00eb (\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1v\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9) nuk kishte v\u00ebshtrim etnik, por ishte, sikurse u tha, emri i krahin\u00ebs Arb\u00ebni\/Arb\u00ebri (Arbanon), q\u00eb shtrihej n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Mesme me qend\u00ebr Kruj\u00ebn. Pas shek. XI filloi p\u00ebrhapja e apelativit Arb\u00ebni, Arb\u00ebri, Albani edhe n\u00eb viset e tjera ku banonin shqiptar\u00ebt. Faktori q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoi shtrirjen e emrit ishte po ai q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoi shfaqjen e tij n\u00eb shek. XI \u2013 n\u00eb fillim bashk\u00ebsia politike dhe fetare dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb bashk\u00ebsia politike dhe gjuh\u00ebsore.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Sikurse u tha, em\u00ebrtimi Arbanon ishte n\u00eb origjin\u00eb emri i trev\u00ebs rreth e rrotull Kruj\u00ebs, e cila deri koh\u00ebt e vona e ruajti t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb Kurbin, emrin historik Arb\u00ebni. Ishte pra, nj\u00ebsoj si emrat e krahinave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb vendit Polati (Pulti), Kunavia (Martaneshi), Crnika (\u00c7ermenika), Trafandena (Mirdita), Matia, Dibra, Skuria, Tamadea, Benda, Mokra, Skrapari, Malakas, Mazarek etj. Peshkopata e Kruj\u00ebs e krijuar sipas tradit\u00ebs n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shek. VII194, ishte n\u00eb shek. XII fqinje me peshkopat\u00ebn e Lisit, q\u00eb shtrihej n\u00eb Mat e Mirdit\u00eb, dhe me peshkopat\u00ebn e Stefaniak\u00ebs, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte krahinat e Tamadhes\u00eb e t\u00eb Bend\u00ebs. Pra, ishte krijuar bashk\u00ebsia fetare n\u00eb shkall\u00eb krahinore. M\u00eb 1166 Arbanoni kishte nj\u00eb prior (Andreas prior Arbanensis) dhe nj\u00eb peshkop katolik (Lazarus episcopus Arbanensis). Titulli \u201cprior\u201d i qeveritarit tregon autonomin\u00eb e krahin\u00ebs; mbiemri i primarit t\u00eb dioqez\u00ebs sqaron kufijt\u00eb e saj. T\u00eb dyja s\u00eb bashku tregojn\u00eb se konsolidimi dhe shtrirja e emrit Arbanon p\u00ebr territorin dhe arbanit p\u00ebr banorin, erdhi si pasoj\u00eb e konsolidimit dhe e shtrirjes s\u00eb komunitetit politik e fetar arbanit q\u00eb ishte formuar n\u00eb shekullin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

Dinamika e p\u00ebrhapjes n\u00eb shekujt e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm e emrit Arbanon, Arbanum, Albania \u00ebsht\u00eb me interes. Kjo duket sidomos gjat\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Principat\u00ebs s\u00eb Arb\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb burimet historike t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shek. XII. Gjat\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb arkondit Progon, em\u00ebrtimi Arbanon u shtri n\u00eb veri p\u00ebrtej Matit dhe Trafanden\u00ebs deri n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Pultit. Po ashtu gjat\u00eb sundimit t\u00eb arkondit t\u00eb madh Dhimit\u00ebr Progonatit u shtri nga ana jugore n\u00eb viset e Kunavis\u00eb e t\u00eb Cernikut deri n\u00eb lugin\u00ebn e Shkumbinit. Shtrirja e k\u00ebtij em\u00ebrtimi p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb Arbanonit historik mund t\u00eb shpjegohet fare mir\u00eb me p\u00ebrfshirjen e k\u00ebtyre krahinave n\u00eb komunitetin politik e fetar t\u00eb shtetit t\u00eb arbanit\u00ebve, i cili u formua nga shkrirja n\u00eb t\u00eb e kat\u00ebrmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb bashk\u00ebsive krahinore.<\/p>\n

Ky fenomen vihet re edhe gjat\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XIII, kur Karli I Anzhu i grumbulloi n\u00eb vitin 1271 territoret e pushtuara n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb nj\u00eb formacion t\u00eb vet\u00ebm politik \u2013 n\u00eb \u201cMbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Albanis\u00eb\u201d (Regnum Albaniae) me kufij m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb nga \u00e7\u2019kishte principata arbanite n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e arkondit t\u00eb madh Dhimit\u00ebr Progonatit. Po n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb sovrani anzhuin i detyroi dioqezat kishtare t\u00eb territoreve t\u00eb pushtuara t\u00eb kalonin n\u00eb katoliciz\u00ebm. Pavar\u00ebsisht se \u201cMbret\u00ebria e Albanis\u00eb\u201d ishte nj\u00eb pjell\u00eb e dhun\u00ebs s\u00eb armatosur t\u00eb feudal\u00ebve anzhuin\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkrimtar\u00ebt dhe kancelar\u00ebt e shek. XIII ajo formonte nj\u00eb komunitet politik e fetar m\u00eb vete. Sipas mend\u00ebsis\u00eb mesjetare, banor\u00ebt katolik\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij komuniteti politik u konsideruan an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb komb\u00ebsis\u00eb arbanite\/ albanite.<\/p>\n

Si pasoj\u00eb, em\u00ebrtimi Albanum, Albania u shtri n\u00eb shek. XIII q\u00eb nga lumi Drin i bashkuar n\u00eb veri deri n\u00eb Kanin\u00eb n\u00eb jug, q\u00eb nga brigjet e Adriatikut n\u00eb per\u00ebndim deri n\u00eb Drinin e Zi n\u00eb lindje. Banor\u00ebt jokatolik\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj mbret\u00ebrie nuk u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb gjirin e komb\u00ebsis\u00eb arbanite, albanite. Pavar\u00ebsisht nga gjuha amtare, shqiptari ortodoks ishte, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tradit\u00ebs shum\u00ebshekullore, \u201cromaios\u201d p\u00ebr bizantin\u00ebt, \u201cgraecus\u201d p\u00ebr anzhuin\u00ebt. Kur Karli I D\u2019Anzhu shkruante: \u201carmiqt\u00eb tan\u00eb grek\u00eb\u201d, e kishte fjal\u00ebn p\u00ebr bizantin\u00ebt. Por kur n\u00eb 1274 shkruante se Durr\u00ebsin e kishin rrethuar kryengrit\u00ebsit \u201calbanit\u00eb dhe grek\u00eb\u201d (albanenses et greci), ai n\u00ebnkuptonte me k\u00ebta dy apelativa shqiptar\u00ebt katolik\u00eb e ortodoks\u00eb, mbasi ekzistenca e fshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs greke n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e Durr\u00ebsit nuk v\u00ebrtetohet dokumentarisht. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shek. XIV me arbanit\/albanit, kuptohej gjithnj\u00eb shqiptari katolik.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb n\u00eb shek. XIII n\u00eb qarqet e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb ditur bizantin\u00eb t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb s\u00eb Nikes\u00eb u shfaq\u00ebn shenjat e para t\u00eb nj\u00eb koncepti t\u00eb ri mbi komb\u00ebsin\u00eb, i p\u00ebrcaktuar jo si m\u00eb par\u00eb nga komuniteti politik e fetar, por nga ai gjuh\u00ebsor e fetar. Si pasoj\u00eb e k\u00ebtij koncepti t\u00eb ri, nga gjiri i komb\u00ebsis\u00eb \u201cromaios\u201d filloi t\u00eb shquhej \u201cheleni\u201d, shtetasi bizantin ortodoks greqishtfol\u00ebs. Me zhvillimin e m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm t\u00eb k\u00ebtij bot\u00ebkuptimi t\u00eb ri, shqiptari ortodoks filloi t\u00eb dallohej nga heleni ortodoks, sepse u takonin dy komuniteteve gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb ndryshme. Por, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, shqiptari ortodoks mbeti p\u00ebrs\u00ebri i dalluar nga shqiptari katolik, sepse b\u00ebnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb dy komunitete fetare t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. U krijua k\u00ebshtu terreni p\u00ebr daljen e nj\u00eb emri t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr gjith\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt ortodoks\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Prodhimin e par\u00eb t\u00eb konceptit t\u00eb ri duket se e ndeshim te shkrimtari bizantin i shek. XIV. G. Paclymeres, i cili duke folur p\u00ebr banor\u00ebt e Eprit t\u00eb Ri p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast emrin albanit\u00eb (\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03b1vo\u03b9), n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast tjet\u00ebr emrin ilir \u0399\u03bb\u03bb\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03af. M\u00eb von\u00eb krahas apelativit albanit doli n\u00eb shesh emri epirot. N\u00eb disa raste, kundrejt epirotit q\u00eb kishte tingull t\u00eb lasht\u00eb historik, emri i albanitit u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua me at\u00eb t\u00eb makedonit, gjithashtu me tingull t\u00eb lasht\u00eb historik: p\u00ebr analogji Makedonia u b\u00eb em\u00ebr i dyt\u00eb i Albanis\u00eb (Macedonia sive Albania). Ndikoi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mes fakti se n\u00eb shekujt e par\u00eb t\u00eb er\u00ebs son\u00eb provinca e Epirit t\u00eb Ri me qend\u00ebr Durr\u00ebsin, ku b\u00ebnte pjes\u00eb edhe krahina e Arbanonit, u quajt p\u00ebr disa shekuj Provinca e Maqedonis\u00eb s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, banor\u00ebt e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs gjuh\u00ebsore shqipe u quajt\u00ebn nga t\u00eb huajt epirot\u00eb dhe albanit\u00eb (Epirotes et Albanenses) ose epirot\u00eb dhe makedon\u00eb (Epirote et Macedones).<\/p>\n

Por konsakrimi i dy em\u00ebrtimeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta etnike p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt e dy riteve fetare t\u00eb ndryshme, nuk mori form\u00eb t\u00eb prer\u00eb, si\u00e7 ndodhi te sllav\u00ebt e jugut, midis kroatit katolik dhe serbit ortodoks. Pa dyshim ka luajtur rol, n\u00eb mas\u00ebn e vet, fakti se n\u00eb viset e banuara nga shqiptar\u00ebt ortodoks\u00eb nuk u krijua ndonj\u00eb komunitet politiko-fetar i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i kund\u00ebrvihej komunitetit politik-fetar katolik t\u00eb Arbanonit. Arsyeja kryesore duhet k\u00ebrkuar te toleranca fetare, karakteristik\u00eb e shqiptar\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha koh\u00ebve. K\u00ebt\u00eb e ka konstatuar M. \u0160ufflay kur thot\u00eb: \u201cn\u00eb Koh\u00ebn e Mesme fanatizmit fetar t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve mezi i gjenden gjurm\u00ebt\u201d. Shkurt, fol\u00ebsit e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe t\u00eb krahinave t\u00eb ndryshme nuk b\u00ebnin nga pik\u00ebpamja etnike dallim midis bashkatdhetar\u00ebve t\u00eb feve t\u00eb ndryshme. Kjo ve\u00e7ori ndikoi n\u00eb lindjen e nj\u00eb em\u00ebrtimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr mbar\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt, pavar\u00ebsisht nga ritet e tyre fetare.<\/p>\n

Shpreh\u00ebsit e par\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij em\u00ebrtimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri shkrimtar\u00ebt bizantin\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, zgjedhja e emrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt nuk ishte q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb. Te shkrimtari i shek. XIV N. Gregoras, duket se ndikoi tendenca savante arkaizuese mbasi ai shqiptar\u00ebt pa dallim feje i quajti ilir\u00eb. Bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebsi i tij, J. Kantakuzeni, i quajti alban\u00eb, sepse, sipas tij, pasardh\u00ebsit e ilir\u00ebve qen\u00eb tribal\u00ebt (serb\u00ebt). N\u00eb shek. XV u quajt\u00ebn alban\u00eb nga Halkokondili, nga Duka, nga Sfrantzes, kurse ilir\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb, nga Kritobuli.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, koncepti i ri i komb\u00ebsis\u00eb nuk triumfoi plot\u00ebsisht as gjat\u00eb shek. XV. Duken ende shkrimtar\u00eb apo kancelar\u00eb, kryesisht nga bota per\u00ebndimore, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shkuan pas konceptit gjuh\u00ebsor-fetar. Duke mos u shk\u00ebputur dot nga mend\u00ebsia tradicionale mesjetare, ata e kishin v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u2019i konsideronin si gjymtyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb komb\u00ebsie t\u00eb vetme t\u00eb gjith\u00eb banor\u00ebt q\u00eb flisnin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gjuh\u00eb, q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin territor, por q\u00eb u takonin dy riteve t\u00eb ndryshme fetare. K\u00ebshtu shpjegohet p\u00ebrse n\u00eb disa akte t\u00eb huaja t\u00eb shek. XV flitet ende p\u00ebr albanit\u00eb dhe epirot\u00eb ose p\u00ebr makedon\u00eb dhe epirot\u00eb, si p\u00ebr dy etni t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt, t\u00eb dyja k\u00ebto em\u00ebrtime u vesh\u00ebn me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin kuptim etnik. Ata e identifikonin veten edhe me arbanit\u00eb, edhe me epirot\u00eb. D\u00ebshmitar i par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00eb Sk\u00ebnderbeu. N\u00eb korrespondenc\u00ebn e vet me kancelarit\u00eb e huaja, ai n\u00ebnshkruante \u201cZot i Arb\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d (Dominus Albaniae), bashkatdhetar\u00ebt e tij i quan \u201calban\u00eb\/arb\u00ebr\u201d (albanenses, albanesi). P\u00ebrkundrazi, n\u00eb letr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmendur q\u00eb i drejtoi m\u00eb 31 dhjetor 1460 princit t\u00eb Tarentit, J. A. De Orsinis, ai shkruante: \u201cN\u00eb qoft\u00eb se kronikat tona nuk g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb, ne quhemi epirot\u00eb\u201d (se le nostre croniche non mentino, noy in chiamamo Epiroti).<\/p>\n

D\u00ebshmitar i dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Marin Barleti. Humanisti shkodran i p\u00ebrdor t\u00eb dy em\u00ebrtimet etnike, pa b\u00ebr\u00eb dallim midis tyre. Ai i quan arb\u00ebr (albanenses) si shqiptar\u00ebt q\u00eb banonin n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri apo Epir, ashtu dhe ata q\u00eb kishin z\u00ebn\u00eb vend n\u00eb Peloponez. Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht i cil\u00ebson epirot\u00eb (epirotes) jo vet\u00ebm krutan\u00ebt e dibran\u00ebt, por edhe zot\u00ebrit feudal\u00eb t\u00eb mal\u00ebsive veriore si Lek\u00eb Dushmanin e Pjet\u00ebr Spanin. Vet\u00eb Sk\u00ebnderbeun e quan zakonisht epirot, n\u00eb disa raste e cil\u00ebson arb\u00ebr, por preferon t\u2019i jap\u00eb titullin \u201cPrinc i Epirot\u00ebve\u201d (Epirotarum Princeps). Nganj\u00ebher\u00eb M. Barleti flet p\u00ebr arb\u00ebr dhe epirot\u00eb si p\u00ebr dy grupe t\u00eb ndryshme etnike, por k\u00ebto raste t\u00eb rralla duhen par\u00eb si gjurm\u00eb pa jet\u00eb t\u00eb koncepteve t\u00eb vjetra q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pand\u00ebrgjegjshme edhe p\u00ebr disa koh\u00eb nga forca e tradit\u00ebs. D\u00ebshmitar i tret\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb Gjon Muzaka, i cili gjithashtu i p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt pa dallim feje, n\u00eb nj\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt: i quan albanesi, gjuh\u00ebn e tyre lingua albanese, kurse emrin epirot nuk e p\u00ebrdor asnj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb thuhet se n\u00eb shek. XV me alban\u00eb dhe epirot\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoheshin banor\u00ebt e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs gjuh\u00ebsore shqipe; se p\u00ebrmbajtja e tyre gjuh\u00ebsore-fetare e kishte humbur fuqin\u00eb e saj; se p\u00ebr vet\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt ato ishin veshur me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin kuptim etnik; se n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve shqiptar\u00ebt njiheshin edhe jasht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb me nj\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb vet\u00ebm etnik, pavar\u00ebsisht se ekzistonin ende qarqe t\u00eb huaja, t\u00eb cilat e ruanin ende konceptin gjuh\u00ebsor-fetar mbi komb\u00ebsin\u00eb, em\u00ebrtimi albanit\u00eb po fitonte vazhdimisht terren.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb shek. XV em\u00ebrtimi Arb\u00ebri (Albanum, Albania) ishte shtrir\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb gjeografike m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb se ajo q\u00eb pati arritur gjat\u00eb \u201cMbret\u00ebris\u00eb Anzhuine\u201d. Nga ana veriore m\u00eb 1429 Tivari n\u00eb bregdet, m\u00eb 1430 Lushtica pran\u00eb Kotorrit, m\u00eb 1442 Podgorica, quhen qytete t\u00eb Arb\u00ebris\u00eb, de Albania. Nga ana jugore Vlora cil\u00ebsohet si dhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn anzhuine qytet n\u00eb Arb\u00ebri (Valona in Albania). Nga juglindja, sipas nj\u00eb akti raguzan t\u00eb vitit 1390, Kosturi quhej pjes\u00eb e Arb\u00ebris\u00eb, Castoria de partibus Albaniae.<\/p>\n

Shtrirja e em\u00ebrtimit Albanum, Albania n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb gjeografike mund t\u00eb shpjegohet me po ata faktor\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuan shtrirjen e dikurshme t\u00eb k\u00ebtij em\u00ebrtimi nga kufijt\u00eb e ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb mesit t\u00eb shek. XI n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e gjer\u00eb t\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb shek. XIV. Konkretisht, mund t\u00eb shpjegohet me shtetin e Balshave q\u00eb u formua gjat\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XIV. N\u00eb fillim, brenda kufijve t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shteti u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb territore shqiptare e sllave. Pra, Balshat mb\u00ebshtetjen kryesore politike e gjet\u00ebn te popullsia shqiptare. M\u00eb 1369, me kalimin e tyre n\u00eb an\u00ebn e Kish\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore, lidhjet me sllav\u00ebt ortodoks\u00eb u dob\u00ebsuan edhe m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kurse komuniteti politik e fetar me shqiptar\u00ebt katolik\u00eb u forcua edhe m\u00eb tej.<\/p>\n

Si rrjedhim i k\u00ebtyre lidhjeve, n\u00eb vitet \u201970 Balshat filluan t\u00eb shtriheshin n\u00eb jug, drejt krahinave shqiptare, duke arritur m\u00eb 1372 n\u00eb vij\u00ebn Vlor\u00eb\u2013Berat\u2013Kostur. N\u00eb veri humb\u00ebn krahinat sllave, duke u t\u00ebrhequr af\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb vij\u00ebn Tivar\u2013Podgoric\u00eb\u2013Prizren. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ky komunitet politik fetar mori dal\u00ebngadal\u00eb karakterin e nj\u00eb komuniteti shqiptar e katolik. Rrjedhimisht, edhe titulli i sundimtar\u00ebve Balsha u ndryshua nga sovran\u00eb t\u00eb Zet\u00ebs (Dei Gratia dominus Zetae), n\u00eb sovran\u00eb t\u00eb Arb\u00ebris\u00eb \u2013 Gjergj II Balsha \u201cZot i Arb\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d (Arbanaskim Gospodinum), \u201cPrinc i Arb\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d (Princeps Albaniae). Pra, Albanum, Albania u shtri n\u00eb veri vet\u00ebm n\u00eb viset shqiptare dhe katolike q\u00eb hyn\u00eb n\u00eb shtetin e tyre.<\/p>\n

Si p\u00ebrfundim, em\u00ebrtimi Albanum, Albania, duke filluar nga shek. XI u zgjerua vazhdimisht duke shtyr\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb jug emrat Epir dhe Romania dhe m\u00eb n\u00eb veri emrat Dioklea dhe Sklavonia dhe arriti n\u00eb shek. XV atje ku e \u00e7oi p\u00ebr\u00e7uesi i vet historik \u2013 faktori politik shtet\u00ebror shqiptar dhe jo ekspansioni i supozuar i shqiptar\u00ebve, si\u00e7 mendojn\u00eb pa t\u00eb drejt\u00eb disa historian\u00eb, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt J. G. von Hahni dhe G.Stadtm\u00fclleri.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb lidhje me territoret q\u00eb shtriheshin n\u00eb jug, pika m\u00eb delikate q\u00ebndron te \u00e7\u00ebshtja n\u00ebse em\u00ebrtimi Epir kishte ose jo nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje etniko-gjeografike. Sipas mendimit ton\u00eb, \u00e7\u00ebshtja zgjidhet sapo t\u00eb sqarohet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia etnike e epirotit dhe n\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb karakteri etnik i Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr. Me epirot mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptohej, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb shek. XV, shqiptari q\u00eb banonte n\u00eb Epir. P\u00ebr t\u00eb sqaruar p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb etnike t\u00eb banorit t\u00eb Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr, mund t\u2019u referohemi drejtp\u00ebrdrejt shkrimtar\u00ebve dhe kronist\u00ebve greko-bizantin\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e p\u00ebrdorin fare termin epirot. J. Kantakuzeni gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve q\u00eb ndodh\u00ebn n\u00eb territorin e Epirit gjat\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XIV quan alban\u00eb banor\u00ebt q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb af\u00ebrsit\u00eb e Beratit e t\u00eb Kanin\u00ebs, n\u00eb krahinat e Devollit e t\u00eb Kolonave, n\u00eb rrethet e Pogonianit e t\u00eb Libisd\u00ebs, n\u00eb af\u00ebrsi t\u00eb Ohrit dhe gjetk\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt dihet se praktikonin ritin bizantin. Nga \u201cKronika e Janin\u00ebs\u201d m\u00ebsojm\u00eb se banor\u00ebt e trev\u00ebs s\u00eb P\u00ebrmetit ishin mazarak\u00ebt; t\u00eb Dropullit e t\u00eb Delvin\u00ebs: zenevist\u00ebt; n\u00eb rrethin e Janin\u00ebs: malakas\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt sipas mendimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb historian\u00ebve, qen\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb viset bregdetare t\u00eb Jonit banoheshin nga shqiptar\u00eb, na e thot\u00eb shkoqur Kritobuli dhe na la t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptojm\u00eb Halkokondili. Prania e shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb krahinat lindore t\u00eb Epirit t\u00eb Vjet\u00ebr provohet nga fakti se n\u00eb vitin 1330 ata thyen nj\u00eb \u00e7et\u00eb t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb madhe katalane n\u00eb Gardhiq t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs q\u00eb kishte kaluar Pindin dhe po pla\u00e7kiste Epirin. Nga njoftimet q\u00eb jep Kantakuzeni dhe nga ato q\u00eb ndeshen n\u00eb \u201cKronik\u00ebn e Janin\u00ebs\u201d, mund t\u00eb nxirret leht\u00eb konkluzioni se banor\u00ebt e Epirit n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn d\u00ebrrmuese qen\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb, p\u00ebrderisa si\u00e7 vinte re me t\u00eb drejt\u00eb J. G. Hahni, fituan n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr grek\u00ebve dhe serb\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Ne do t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb rast se formacionet shtet\u00ebrore shqiptare q\u00eb u krijuan n\u00eb territoret e Epirit gjat\u00eb gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XIV dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ekzistenca p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb e despotatit shqiptar t\u00eb Gjin Bua Shpat\u00ebs, i cili u p\u00ebrmbys vet\u00ebm n\u00ebn goditjen e v\u00ebrshimit osman, na japin n\u00eb dor\u00eb dy elemente t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb favor t\u00eb problemit q\u00eb kemi n\u00eb diskutim. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, provojn\u00eb se shqiptar\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u b\u00ebn\u00eb bart\u00ebsit etnik\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre formacioneve shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb luft\u00eb kund\u00ebr pushtetit bizantin dhe serb, p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin mas\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb Epirit. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, komuniteti politik-gjuh\u00ebsor, q\u00eb u formua nga k\u00ebto formacione shtet\u00ebrore shpjegon arsyen p\u00ebrse shqiptar\u00ebt dalin n\u00eb Epir me emrin e tyre etnik pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb burimet historike t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe dhe jo m\u00eb par\u00eb. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje etnike, em\u00ebrtimi gjeografik Epir u vesh p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e shkrimtar\u00ebve dhe kancelar\u00ebve t\u00eb Mesjet\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme, me nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim etnik shqiptar.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt u sanksionuan k\u00ebshtu n\u00eb shek. XIV-XV dy em\u00ebrtime etnike: arb\u00ebr dhe epirot\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebto dy em\u00ebrtime nuk u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb viset e banuara nga shqiptar\u00ebt q\u00eb ndodheshin jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb em\u00ebrtimeve Arb\u00ebri dhe Epir. \u00cbsht\u00eb fjala kryesisht p\u00ebr territoret e Kosov\u00ebs, Rrafshit t\u00eb Dukagjinit (Metohis\u00eb) dhe t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb Per\u00ebndimore, vendbanimet e dikurshme t\u00eb dardan\u00ebve, paion\u00ebve dhe lunkest\u00ebve ilir\u00eb. Fakti q\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt nuk p\u00ebrmenden me emrin e tyre etnik si banor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viseve ose p\u00ebrmenden rast\u00ebsisht n\u00eb burimet historike mesjetare jo m\u00eb par\u00eb se n\u00eb shek. XIV, mund t\u00eb shpjegohet, si dhe p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebt e tjera t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, jo me mosqenien e tyre n\u00eb ato vise, por me konceptin mbi komb\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb kishin shkrimtar\u00ebt dhe kancelar\u00ebt mesjetar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Meqen\u00ebse k\u00ebto vise q\u00ebndruan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pand\u00ebrprer\u00eb n\u00ebn sundimin bizantin, dukljan, serb apo bullgar dhe nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb grumbullohen n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb formacion shtet\u00ebror shqiptar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e tep\u00ebrt t\u00eb pretendohet q\u00eb ata t\u00eb shfaqeshin n\u00eb burimet historike me emrin e tyre etnik. P\u00ebrpjekjet q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i zbuluar shqiptar\u00ebt e k\u00ebtyre viseve me an\u00ebn e toponomastik\u00ebs dhe onomastik\u00ebs, as kan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb, as mund t\u00eb japin rezultat p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tendenc\u00ebs s\u00eb theksuar q\u00eb kan\u00eb pasur sllavo-jugor\u00ebt mesjetar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i sllavizuar n\u00eb mas\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm emrat e vendeve q\u00eb pushtonin, por edhe emrat e vendeve q\u00eb pretendonin. Emrin etnik t\u00eb shqiptarit n\u00eb trajt\u00ebn \u201carbanas\u201d ne do ta ndeshim si banor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viseve vet\u00ebm at\u00ebher\u00eb kur ai nuk kishte nj\u00ebrin nga t\u00eb dy komponentet e konceptit mesjetar mbi komb\u00ebsin\u00eb \u2013 ose bashk\u00ebsin\u00eb politike ose bashk\u00ebsin\u00eb fetare, me serb\u00ebt ose bullgar\u00ebt, praktikisht vet\u00ebm po t\u00eb mos ishte m\u00eb ortodoks.<\/p>\n

Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb pra e rastit q\u00eb \u201carbanas\u00ebt\u201d p\u00ebrmenden p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebn her\u00eb n\u00eb burimet mesjetare t\u00eb shek. XIV pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb ato zona (n\u00eb rrethet e Shkupit e t\u00eb Prizrenit), ku dihet se u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar katolicizmi – si frekuentues n\u00eb Pazarin e Manastirit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Gjergjit pran\u00eb Shkupit, si barinj, bujq e ushtar\u00eb n\u00eb krahin\u00ebn e Tetov\u00ebs, si fshatar\u00eb n\u00eb feudet e manastirit t\u00eb Krye\u00ebngj\u00ebjve t\u00eb Prizrenit, si bujq n\u00eb analet e manastirit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb De\u00e7anit, kurse gjurm\u00ebt e tyre i gjejm\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb n\u00eb shek. XIV dhe jo m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb Dalmaci, n\u00eb Bosnj\u00eb, Hercegovin\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Fakti q\u00eb sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb L. Thalloczy, K. Jire\u010deku dhe M. \u0160ufflay se deri n\u00eb koh\u00ebt e vona, n\u00eb sllav\u00ebt e Dalmacis\u00eb e t\u00eb Malit t\u00eb Zi, me \u201carbanas\u201d kuptohej vet\u00ebm shqiptari katolik, ndihmon n\u00eb konkluzionin ton\u00eb se shqiptari ortodoks, i cili banonte n\u00eb territoret e p\u00ebrfshira p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb gjat\u00eb brenda kufijve t\u00eb shteteve serbe ose bullgare, konsiderohej thjesht \u201cserb\u201d ose \u201cbullgar\u201d. N\u00eb k\u00ebto rrethana, problemi i p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb etnike t\u00eb banor\u00ebve mund t\u00eb sqarohet vet\u00ebm me defter\u00ebt osman\u00eb t\u00eb shek. XV\u2013XVI q\u00eb u p\u00ebrkasin sanxhak\u00ebve t\u00eb Kosov\u00ebs, Metohis\u00eb e Maqedonis\u00eb, materiali i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve do t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb hedhur nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim retrospektiv.<\/p>\n

Me islamizimin n\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve n\u00eb shek. XVII, fol\u00ebsit e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe u ndan\u00eb n\u00eb tre besime fetare \u2013 n\u00eb katolik\u00eb, ortodoks\u00eb dhe mysliman\u00eb. P\u00ebr konceptin mesjetar, ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt mysliman\u00eb t\u00eb quheshin arb\u00ebr apo epirot\u00eb, p\u00ebrderisa ata nuk qen\u00eb as katolik\u00eb, as ortodoks\u00eb. Qen\u00eb vet\u00eb qarqet qeveritare osmane, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u dhan\u00eb atyre emrin \u201carnaut\u00eb\u201d. Por prirja e shqiptar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos i dh\u00ebn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb fetare, e cila sillte diferencimin n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e tyre, solli si pasoj\u00eb nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb em\u00ebrtim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt etnik p\u00ebr mbar\u00eb fol\u00ebsit e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe. Apelativi i ri lindi nga fjala shqip, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e ndeshim q\u00eb te Buzuku, n\u00ebnkuptimin e gjuh\u00ebs q\u00eb e kuptonin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb banor\u00ebt shqipfol\u00ebs. Q\u00eb k\u00ebtej lindi apelativi \u201cshqiptar\u201d, ai q\u00eb flet shqip, ai q\u00eb e kupton gjuh\u00ebn shqipe.<\/p>\n

Me sa dim\u00eb, apelativi shqiptar z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebn her\u00eb n\u00eb burimet e shkruara historike emrat arb\u00ebr dhe epirot\u00eb n\u00eb shek. XVIII, kurse emri i vendit Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Arb\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb Epirit u sanksionua n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e shkrimit n\u00eb shek. XIX. Si apelativi p\u00ebr banorin shqiptar, ashtu dhe ai p\u00ebr atdheun Shqip\u00ebri, u p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rrufeshme gjat\u00eb Rilindjes Komb\u00ebtare vet\u00ebm n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e shqiptar\u00ebve q\u00eb nga Mitrovica deri n\u00eb Prevez\u00eb. P\u00ebr qarqet e huaja u p\u00ebrhap apelativi Albanese p\u00ebr banorin dhe Albania p\u00ebr vendin, i cili z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi gjithashtu n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rrufeshme apelativat historik\u00eb arbanit\u00eb, epirot\u00eb dhe arnaut\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

www.pashtriku.org<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

PROF.DR.KRISTO FRASH\u00cbRI   Kur n\u00eb shek. XI u shfaq emri alban\u00eb (\u03b1\u03bb\u03b2\u03b1vo\u03b9) dhe arvanit\u00eb (\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1v\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9) nuk kishte v\u00ebshtrim etnik, por ishte, sikurse u tha, emri i krahin\u00ebs Arb\u00ebni\/Arb\u00ebri (Arbanon), q\u00eb shtrihej n\u00eb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3860","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histori-gjeografi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3860","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3860"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3860\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3862,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3860\/revisions\/3862"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3860"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3860"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3860"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}