{"id":2685,"date":"2013-04-13T05:03:48","date_gmt":"2013-04-13T05:03:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=2685"},"modified":"2013-04-13T05:03:48","modified_gmt":"2013-04-13T05:03:48","slug":"dilemat-e-financimit-te-shoqerise-civile-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=2685","title":{"rendered":"Dilemat e financimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>TONIN GJURAJ<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb tranzicionit, koncepti i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile shpesh u keqp\u00ebrdor dhe u deformua prej politik\u00ebs shqiptare deri n\u00eb at\u00eb shkall\u00eb sa, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e individ\u00ebve dhe grupeve t\u00eb ishin shprehje e gjall\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj shoq\u00ebrie, ata u nj\u00ebsuan me vet\u00eb pushtetin shtet\u00ebror e sfer\u00ebn shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, madje duke u v\u00ebn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb tyre.
\nN\u00eb fakt, shoq\u00ebria civile \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb koncept opak dhe i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrkufizuar, jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb kontekstin shqiptar. Megjithat\u00eb, shum\u00eb studime e p\u00ebrkufizojn\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile si nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00eb, mes shtetit dhe tregut, ose biznesit. Zanafilla e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb shkrimet e Alex De Tocqueville, i cili n\u00eb librin \u201cDemokracia n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebrshkruan se si n\u00eb vitet 1830 \u201camerikan\u00ebt kishin nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar shoqata vullnetare t\u00eb pavarura nga shteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat e komunitetit\u201d. N\u00ebse shteti ofronte sigurin\u00eb dhe lirin\u00eb politike, kurse tregu mir\u00ebqenien ekonomike, shoq\u00ebria civile p\u00ebrmbushte nevojat e p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb mir\u00ebqeverisjes lokale.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, shoq\u00ebria civile p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga organizata dhe institucione q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura nga shteti, administrativisht dhe financiarisht, por q\u00eb nuk synojn\u00eb marrjen e pushtetit. Ato p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, institucione mediatike, universitete dhe\/ose grupe shoq\u00ebrore e fetare. Ekzistenca e k\u00ebsaj shoq\u00ebrie civile konsiderohet si jetike p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri demokratike, sepse ajo b\u00ebn lidhjen mes shtetit dhe tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Po ashtu, n\u00eb vetvete, shoq\u00ebria civile \u00ebsht\u00eb ngjit\u00ebsi q\u00eb ndihmon n\u00eb bashkimin e normave dhe vlerave individuale, p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar nj\u00eb kohezion t\u00eb sfer\u00ebs publike, ku debatohen idet\u00eb e s\u00eb mir\u00ebs shoq\u00ebrore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, shoq\u00ebria civile luan nj\u00eb rol ky\u00e7 n\u00eb pluralizmin e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie.
\nP\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye \u00ebsht\u00eb i nevojsh\u00ebm institucionalizimi i nj\u00eb partneriteti me shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile, por jo keqp\u00ebrdorimi i saj, duke i servirur opinionit publik, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr t\u00eb em\u00ebruar njer\u00ebz n\u00eb poste ky\u00e7e shtet\u00ebrore, se gjoja politikisht ata nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb pushtetit shtet\u00ebror. Duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb me pushtetin, shoq\u00ebria civile cenon dy elemente t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb saj: pavar\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe paanshm\u00ebrin\u00eb. Kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria civile t\u00eb jet\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtare me shtetin, por kurrsesi nuk duhet t\u00eb nj\u00ebsohet me t\u00eb. Po ashtu, ajo nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb identike as me opozit\u00ebn politike.
\nN\u00eb vendet postkomuniste, shoq\u00ebria civile vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dob\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb shihet me dyshim prej shtetit, sepse ajo ka marr\u00eb disa nga atributet e organeve t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme shtet\u00ebrore. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, duke qen\u00eb e pavarur nga shteti, ajo shpesh bie n\u00eb konflikt me vet\u00eb shtetin. Shoq\u00ebria civile b\u00ebn oponenc\u00eb konstruktive t\u00eb tendencave autokratike t\u00eb qeverisjes. Tjet\u00ebr, shoq\u00ebria civile luan edhe disa role shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si: formimin e politikave ekonomike dhe sociale n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet instituteve \u201cthink-tank\u201d; informimin e drejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb paansh\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet medias, apo dhe monitorimit t\u00eb zgjedhjeve demokratike n\u00eb vend.
\nP\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende postkomuniste, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb dhe Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb munges\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb financimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile. P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb, shumica e t\u00eb gjitha organizatave t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile u financuan, deri s\u00eb fundi, nga burime t\u00eb huaja, duke krijuar nj\u00eb munges\u00eb besimi si nga ana e shtetit, ashtu edhe nga individ\u00ebt. Ndikimi i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb p\u00ebrpilimin e politikave sociale dhe ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb i panjohur, ndoshta dhe i pap\u00ebrfillsh\u00ebm.
\nK\u00ebsisoj, jan\u00eb, s\u00eb paku, dy dilema q\u00eb duhen zgjidhur:
\nS\u00eb pari, sa \u00ebsht\u00eb masa q\u00eb z\u00eb ky sektor n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e vendit? Nj\u00eb hulumtim i k\u00ebtyre faktor\u00ebve do t\u00eb ishte me shum\u00eb interes si p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr vet\u00eb shtetin dhe individ\u00ebt. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Britanin\u00eb e Madhe, sektori i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, p\u00ebrshir\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha organizatat joqeveritare, shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb bamir\u00ebse, institucionet think-tank dhe universitetet, kan\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura vjetore prej 170 miliard\u00eb st\u00ebrlinash, ose af\u00ebrsisht 200 miliard\u00eb euro.\u00a0 Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me 25 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb buxhetit vjetor shtet\u00ebror. P\u00ebr krahasim, n\u00eb nj\u00eb rast t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm, shoq\u00ebria civile n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri duhet t\u00eb kishte t\u00eb ardhura vjetore prej 660 milion\u00eb eurosh.
\nS\u00eb dyti, cila \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendja faktike? Historia e zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse. Viti 1991 do t\u00eb sh\u00ebnonte fillimin e nj\u00eb faze t\u00eb re t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile shqiptare. Krahas lindjes s\u00eb partive politike, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri filluan t\u00eb \u201clul\u00ebzojn\u00eb\u201d me dhjet\u00ebra e qindra organizata, shoqata, qendra, institute, fondacione, urdhra, t\u00eb njohura si organizata \u201cjoqeveritare\u201d, \u201cjofitimprur\u00ebse\u201d, ose \u201cshoq\u00ebri civile\u201d. Tradita e dob\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri lidhet edhe me statusin e paqart\u00eb t\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb interesit n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb organizimit t\u00eb interesave sociale, me t\u00eb drejta dhe detyrime t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara, nj\u00eb profil jo t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb hartimin e politikave publike dhe pesh\u00ebn jo reale n\u00eb sistemin politik. P\u00ebr k\u00ebto arsye, edhe shteti, me sa duket, nuk tregoi ndonj\u00eb preokupacion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i mb\u00ebshtetur financiarisht. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr ta ishte kryesisht nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, me fonde nga jasht\u00eb. N\u00eb rastin e Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe, rreth 40 p\u00ebr qind e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile vjen nga shteti dhe pjesa tjet\u00ebr nga donacionet dhe investimet. Duke pasur parasysh rolin vendimtar q\u00eb luan shoq\u00ebria civile n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri demokratike, shteti shqiptar duhet domosdoshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb rris\u00eb kontributin e vet p\u00ebr financimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile, dhe jo t\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten vet\u00ebm te donator\u00ebt e huaj, p\u00ebrndryshe, n\u00ebse kjo nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballemi me apatin\u00eb deri n\u00eb zhdukje t\u00eb saj, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb d\u00ebmtonte funksionimin e demokracis\u00eb.
\nAt\u00ebher\u00eb si mund t\u00eb realizohet konkretisht financimi?
\nShteti, kryesisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet pushtetit vendor, i duhet t\u00eb financoj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet dh\u00ebnies s\u00eb kontratave, granteve dhe pagesave p\u00ebr pun\u00eb t\u00eb kryer (fees). Alokimi i fondeve kryhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet tender\u00ebve ose aplikimeve p\u00ebr grante. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet, shoqatat apo organizatat e ndryshme t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile q\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb p\u00ebr fonde shtet\u00ebrore, duhet t\u00eb paraqesin projekte p\u00ebr kryerjen e sh\u00ebrbimeve sociale, t\u00eb cilat shqyrtohen p\u00ebr financim. Pra, pak a shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat forma mb\u00ebshtetjeje sikur aplikimet p\u00ebr fondet e k\u00ebrkimeve shkencore, por q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet kjo shoq\u00ebria civile shqiptare duhet t\u00eb ridimensionoj\u00eb rolin dhe misionin e saj n\u00eb realitetet e reja demokratike n\u00eb vend, t\u00eb demokratizoj\u00eb strukturat civile t\u00eb saj, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb m\u00eb me shum\u00eb seriozitet programin e modernizimit rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsor t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb shqiptare, si e vetmja rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u integruar n\u00eb Europ\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur shpresat e qytetar\u00ebve shqiptar\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shtet modern e demokratik. Nuk mjafton q\u00eb aktiviteti i tyre t\u00eb shtrihet vet\u00ebm brenda vendit. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ata duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb integrale e nj\u00eb rrjeti rajonal dhe global t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile. \u201cShoq\u00ebria civile n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb kategorikisht e pamundur\u201d, thot\u00eb Ralf Dahrendorf.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

TONIN GJURAJ   Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb tranzicionit, koncepti i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile shpesh u keqp\u00ebrdor dhe u deformua prej politik\u00ebs shqiptare deri n\u00eb at\u00eb shkall\u00eb sa, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e individ\u00ebve dhe grupeve t\u00eb ishin shprehje e gjall\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj shoq\u00ebrie, ata u nj\u00ebsuan me vet\u00eb pushtetin shtet\u00ebror e sfer\u00ebn shtet\u00ebrore n\u00eb…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-publicistike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2685"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2687,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2685\/revisions\/2687"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2685"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}