{"id":1882,"date":"2012-11-05T01:54:09","date_gmt":"2012-11-05T01:54:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=1882"},"modified":"2012-11-05T01:54:09","modified_gmt":"2012-11-05T01:54:09","slug":"c-po-ndodh-me-liqenin-e-prespes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=1882","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7\u2019 PO NDODH ME LIQENIN E PRESP\u00cbS?!"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a>Mr. Fejzulla\u00a0ABDULLAI<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c7\u2019 PO NDODH ME LIQENIN E PRESP\u00cbS<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

NJ\u00cb GJYSM\u00cbSHEKULLI LIQENI VAZHDIMISHT<\/p>\n

\u00cbSHT\u00cb DUKE E HUMBUR UJIN<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs p\u00ebr nga formimi b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb tre liqenet tektonik\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan t\u00eb pozicionuar n\u00eb trojet shqiptare, dhe sipas madh\u00ebsis\u00eb vjen n\u00eb vendin e tret\u00eb, pas Liqenit t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs dhe atij t\u00eb Ohrit. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn faktor\u00ebt natyror\u00eb-gjeografik\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikuar q\u00eb ky liqen t\u00eb dalloj\u00eb n\u00eb disa karakteristika nga liqenet e tjer\u00eb. Kjo, p.sh., mund t\u00eb shihet mir\u00eb n\u00eb dallimet q\u00eb\u00a0 ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb mes k\u00ebtij liqeni e atij t\u00eb Ohrit. N\u00eb fakt p\u00ebr \u00e7ka b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb? Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave morfometrike shihet se Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i pozicionuar n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi absolute prej 853 metra, kurse ai i Ohrit n\u00eb 695 metra. Ky i fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr 158 metra m\u00eb posht\u00eb se i pari. Dallimi i k\u00ebtill\u00eb ka ndikuar n\u00eb kushtet klimatike, hidrografike, n\u00eb ndryshimet termike t\u00eb ujit, m\u00eb tutje edhe n\u00eb biodiverzitetin e tyre. Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb liqenet e rrall\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka ujra rrjedh\u00ebse sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore. Madje aty ekziston edhe nj\u00eb dukuri tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb liqenin e b\u00ebn t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. K\u00ebtu b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr zvog\u00eblimin e mas\u00ebs ujore, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr oshilimin e nivelit t\u00eb ujit liqenor. Dukuria e k\u00ebtill\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve natyror\u00eb-gjeografik\u00eb. Pik\u00ebrisht k\u00ebtu do ta q\u00ebndrojm\u00eb vemendjen ton\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shkrim.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e fundit shum\u00eb po parashtrohen pyetje lidhur me kete dukuri. \u00c7\u2019po ndodh me liqenin q\u00eb vazhdimiasht po e humbet ujin? Pse k\u00ebtij liqeni vazhdimisht po i ulet niveli, gjer kur do vazhdoj\u00eb ulja e k\u00ebtill\u00eb dhe \u00e7far do ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardh\u00ebshmen me k\u00ebt\u00eb liqen? Do zhduket t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht apo do t\u00eb ekzistoj\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla? K\u00ebtyre dhe pyetjeve t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb mund t\u2019i ket\u00eb me num\u00ebr,\u00a0 n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb literatur\u00ebs p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse shkencore dhe t\u00eb dhanave t\u00eb tjera, do t\u00eb orvatemi\u00a0 t\u00eb japim nj\u00eb sqarim t\u00eb holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb ta nxjerrim pak a shum\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb dukuri e cila mund ta v\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb pyetje t\u00eb ardh\u00ebshmen e liqenit.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong>Furnizimi me uj\u00eb dhe oshilimi i nivelit t\u00eb liqenit<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Var\u00ebsisht nga faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb e ushqejn\u00eb liqenin me uj\u00eb, regjimi i nivelit liqenor si element morfometrik n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn ka qen\u00eb jostabil. Akuatoria liqenore \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb plot\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt pluvionival\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt liqeni me uj\u00eb furnizohet nga lumenjt\u00eb, nga t\u00eb reshurat, burimet sublakustrik\u00eb (burime n\u00eb bazamentin e liqenit) dhe nga tretja e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb stin\u00ebs s\u00eb pranver\u00ebs. Nd\u00ebrsa ujin e humbet me avullim dhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet drenimeve n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore q\u00eb kan\u00eb lidhje me Liqenin e Ohrit, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr 158 metra n\u00ebn nivelin e k\u00ebtij liqeni. Uj\u00ebra rrjedh\u00ebse sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore sikurse q\u00eb ka Liqeni i Ohrit ose ai i Shkodr\u00ebs prej ku mund t\u00eb largohet uji, ky liqen nuk ka.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb Liqenin e Presp\u00ebs nga t\u00eb kat\u00ebr an\u00ebt derdhen nj\u00eb num\u00ebr afluentesh sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor\u00eb dhe n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor\u00eb q\u00eb e ushqejn\u00eb liqenin vazhdimisht me uj\u00eb. Lumenjt\u00eb burimin e tyre e kan\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat e larta t\u00eb shpateve t\u00eb Pelisteri ku reshjet jan\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebbor\u00ebs. N\u00eb stin\u00ebn e pranver\u00ebs me tretjen e d\u00ebbor\u00ebs kur lumenjt\u00eb regjimin ujor e ken\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, liqeni \u00a0furnizohet m\u00eb tep\u00ebr me uj\u00eb. Madje rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm e p\u00ebrcaktues n\u00eb sasin\u00eb e ujit t\u00eb liqenit ka v\u00ebllimi i ujrave q\u00eb grumbullohen nga pellgu, i cili ka nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme p\u00ebr 3.5 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se ajo e vet\u00eb pasqyr\u00ebs s\u00eb ujrave t\u00eb liqenit.<\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr nivelin e liqenit n\u00eb fillim dhe gjat\u00eb shek. 20 qen\u00eb interesuar shum\u00eb autor\u00eb (gjerman\u00eb e sllav\u00eb) t\u00eb cil\u00ebt japin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna kronologjike mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb dukuri t\u00eb k\u00ebtij liqeni e cila dallon duksh\u00ebm nga Liqeni i Ohrit, edhe pse t\u00eb dy kan\u00eb lidhje hidrografike n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nj\u00eb autori gjerman, gjat\u00eb shekullit 19 nivele t\u00eb lart\u00eb liqeni ka patur gjat\u00eb viteve 1830, 1874 dhe 1899. Vitin 1899 ky autor e quan vit m\u00eb humid t\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli. Me vlera t\u00eb larta cil\u00ebsohet edhe shekulli i 20. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij shekulli, n\u00eb dallim t\u00eb shekullit 19,\u00a0 intervalet kohore me vlera m\u00eb t\u00eb larta tregojn\u00eb tendenca m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurta. N\u00eb shekullin e kaluar nivele t\u00eb larta liqeni ka patur gjat\u00eb viteve 1917, 1938, 1948 dhe 1963. Pas vitit 1963 kur mbrihet maksimumi, niveli i liqenit fillon gradualisht t\u00eb ulet duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb rr\u00ebnda fush\u00ebgrop\u00ebs s\u00eb Presp\u00ebs, posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb uljen e nivelit t\u00eb ujrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. Minimumin absolut p\u00ebr gati 50 vjet, liqeni e arrin gjat\u00eb ver\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 2002. Tash sip\u00ebrfaqja liqenore \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr 436 cm n\u00ebn kuot\u00ebn normale. Me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna morfometrike lidhur me nivelin e liqenit disa autor\u00eb disponojn\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr shekullin e 10 e t\u00eb 11. P\u00ebr nivelet ekstreme t\u00eb liqenit gjat\u00eb shek.10, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shek. 20, nj\u00eb autor thot\u00eb:\u00a0\u201cMegjithat\u00eb Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur vet\u00ebm ritmikisht prej gjendjes m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb gjer n\u00eb t\u00eb sotmen. Mundemi me siguri t\u00eb v\u00ebrtetojm\u00eb se niveli i tij gjat\u00eb fundit t\u00eb shek. 10 dhe fillimit t\u00eb atij 11 ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt prej t\u00eb sotmit; duket se n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb i t\u00ebr\u00eb bazamenti i liqenit, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mbi izobat\u00ebn\u00a0 e sotme prej 10 metra, ka qen\u00eb rrafshir\u00eb e that\u00eb\u201d.\u00a0<\/em>Po i nj\u00ebjti autor v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se liqeni p\u00ebr gjat\u00eb10 shekuj ka patur disa oshilime ekstreme.<\/p>\n

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N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e fundit duke par\u00eb gjendjen alarmante t\u00eb liqenit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht kur uji vazhdimisht \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u larguar dhe duke l\u00ebn\u00eb pas pasoja t\u00eb paparashikuara ekologjike, interes\u00a0 kan\u00eb treguar disa studiues zviceran\u00eb dhe austriak\u00eb. Ata n\u00eb studimin q\u00eb jan\u00eb duke b\u00ebr\u00eb prej fillimit t\u00eb muajit gusht t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti (2012) kan\u00eb konstatuar se niveli i liqenit ka r\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr 10 metra. Sipas tyre, nga 54 m q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb thell\u00ebsia e liqenit, pas matjeve t\u00eb b\u00ebra me mjete t\u00eb sofistikuara dhe bashk\u00ebkohore, kan\u00eb konstatuar se aktualisht thell\u00ebsia e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb 44 metra. K\u00ebt\u00eb ulje drastike t\u00eb nivelit, sipas tyre,\u00a0\u00a0 e ka sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7arje n\u00eb tabanin e liqenit t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e kan\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur \u00a0gjat\u00eb studimeve n\u00ebnujore. \u00a0Studiuesi me emrin\u00a0Johan Peklaner<\/em>\u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb i mendimit se r\u00ebnia e nivelit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij liqeni do t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja edhe p\u00ebr Liqenin e Ohrit, i cili rreth 60% t\u00eb furnizimit me uj\u00eb e ka nga Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs. Nga kjo fatkeq\u00ebsi natyrore, gjithashtu, do t\u00eb preken burimet n\u00eb Tushemisht\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Naum.\u00a0P\u00ebr gjendjen e k\u00ebtill\u00eb t\u00eb liqenit interes po tregojn\u00eb edhe autoritetet shqiptare. N\u00eb koh\u00ebn e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur q\u00eb t\u00eb ngrihet nj\u00eb komision shkencor, i cili do t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebr detyr\u00eb t\u00eb vendos\u00eb se \u00e7far duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerret m\u00eb tutje nga autoritetet shqiptare p\u00ebr ngadal\u00ebsimin e k\u00ebsaj fatkeq\u00ebsie natyrore.<\/p>\n

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Rrug\u00ebt e largimit t\u00eb ujit t\u00eb liqenit n\u00eb konstatimet e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebme shkencore<\/strong><\/p>\n

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P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen natyror q\u00eb po ndodh n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb liqen, interes \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar edhe m\u00ebpar\u00eb, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit 19 dhe fillimin e shek. 20 e m\u00eb von\u00eb. Nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb dalluar\u00ebt kan\u00eb qen\u00eb studiuesit gjerman\u00eb e pastaj ata sllav\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb konstatim se liqeni ujin e humbet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet avullimit dhe drenimit t\u00eb ujrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb koh\u00eb me k\u00ebrkimet e voazhdueshme q\u00eb i pat\u00ebn b\u00ebr\u00eb ator\u00ebt e huaj, qe konstatuar se bazamenti i liqenit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i rrafsht\u00eb, por i p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb prej shum\u00eb zbraz\u00ebtirave dhe plasaritjeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb cilat vazhdimisht e l\u00ebshojn\u00eb ujin t\u00eb drenoj\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00eb dhe pastaj t\u00eb derdhet n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr me lart\u00ebsi absolute m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Format e k\u00ebtilla (sublakustrike) n\u00eb studimet e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebme \u00ebsht\u00eb konstatuar se jan\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb faz\u00ebn paralimnike, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht kur n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn g\u00eblqerore per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb rrafshir\u00ebs prespare (n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb fush\u00ebgoropat n\u00eb Ballkan nuk qen\u00eb krijuar) kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb proceset karstike. M\u00eb von\u00eb me krijimin e fush\u00ebgrop\u00ebs, pastaj edhe me liqenizimin e saj, format e krijuara n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb hinkave ose vorbulave gjenden n\u00eb tabanin e liqenit dhe si t\u00eb tilla pat\u00ebn mund\u00ebsuar drenimin e ujrave.<\/p>\n

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Ku shkakrkohen ujrat e liqenit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

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N\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb fakteve t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn shkecore, mund t\u00eb konstatohet se ky liqen regjimin e nivelit t\u00eb ujit vazhdimisht e ka ndryshuar. Shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb periudha t\u00eb caktuara kohore pat ardhur n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb nivelit, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb ulje, var\u00ebsisht nga faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb ndikuar\u00a0 n\u00eb ndryshimet e k\u00ebtilla. Mirpo n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e fundit disi ky fenomen po zgjat shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebr gati nj\u00eb gjys\u00ebm shekulli liqeni vazhdimisht \u00ebsht\u00eb duke e humbur ujin. Ndaj ky fenomen zgjoj nj\u00eb interes t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e huaj t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb angazhuar q\u00eb definitivisht t\u00eb konstatojn\u00eb se ku qendron shkaku i humbjes s\u00eb ujit n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb kohore kaq t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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Ky liqen n\u00eb aspektin limnologjik b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb liqenet e mbyllur. Perj tij nuk ka ujra rjedh\u00ebse sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore. At\u00ebheren, prej ku e humbet ujin me sasi kaq t\u00eb madhe? \u00cbsht\u00eb konstatim se ujin e humbet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet avullimit dhe drenimeve n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. Drenimi i ujrave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore (sublakustrike) \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur pasi pjesa per\u00ebndimore e akuatoris\u00eb liqenore dhe malet e lart\u00eb q\u00eb e ndajn nga Liqeni i Ohrit, jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb prej g\u00eblqeror\u00ebve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrshakak t\u00eb proceseve kimike dhe plasaritjeve t\u00eb ndryshme, mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb q\u00eb uji i liqenit vazhdimisht t\u00eb largohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kanaleve t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00ebtok\u00ebsore dhe t\u00eb shakarkohet n\u00eb Liqenin e Ohrit (ky liqen \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebr 158 metra m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt\u00a0 se i Presp\u00ebs).<\/p>\n

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Edhe pse, si\u00e7 p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm, ky liqen b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb liqenet e mbyllur, p\u00ebrs\u00ebri ekziston n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugore nj\u00eb derdhje ndon\u00ebse e vog\u00ebl sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore. Kjo ndodh kur niveli i liqenit \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, at\u00ebheren uji prej k\u00ebtij liqeni n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb lumi t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr (Lumi i Perov\u00ebs) kalon n\u00eb Liqenin e Vog\u00ebl t\u00eb Prep\u00ebs n\u00eb territorin Grek dhe prej aty n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb gryke t\u00eb shkurt\u00eb me emrin\u00a0Gryka e Ujkut<\/em>, derdhet n\u00eb lumin\u00a0 Devoll, n\u00eb territorin shqiptar.<\/p>\n

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Ndikim t\u00eb dalluar n\u00eb largimin e ujrave t\u00eb liqenit, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht n\u00eb uljen e nivelit, kan\u00eb patur proceset karstike. Me proceset e k\u00ebtilla \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar ponori i vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb vendin Glubin, pastaj edhe ponori Zavir dhe Vragodupka. N\u00eb faz\u00ebn paragrabene \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar vorbula e Stenj\u00ebs e cila n\u00eb faz\u00ebn liqenore \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar dhe e g\u00ebrshetuar me plasaritje t\u00eb num\u00ebrta. Ponoret e p\u00ebrmendura me kalimin e koh\u00ebs uji vazhdimisht me procese kimike i ka zgjeruar. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jan\u00eb hapur rrug\u00eb q\u00eb uji nga i Presp\u00ebs t\u00eb derdhet n\u00eb Liqenin e Ohrit. Shum\u00eb autor\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se ponori Zavir \u00ebsht\u00eb rrjedhja m\u00eb e madhe n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shkarkohen ujrat e liqenit dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb rregullohet niveli i tij. Mirpo me k\u00ebt\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb priashtuar mund\u00ebsia e ekzistimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb drenimeve n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore. Nd\u00ebrkaq, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e fundit, k\u00ebrkimet e shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb huaj kan\u00eb konstatuar se n\u00eb tabinin e liqenit ekziston nj\u00eb \u00e7arje e madhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ekziston mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb uji t\u00eb drenoj\u00eb me sasi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe (p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb konstatim t\u00eb fundit nuk ekzistojn\u00eb konfirmime t\u00eb plota shkencore).<\/p>\n

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\u00a0<\/strong>Sasia e ujrave q\u00eb shkarkohen nga liqeni dhe<\/strong><\/p>\n

sasia e tyre q\u00eb derdhen n\u00eb Liqenin e Ohrit<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Autor\u00ebt q\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb dukuri, jan\u00eb orvatur q\u00eb t\u00eb japin edhe disa t\u00eb dh\u00ebna lidhur me sasin\u00eb e ujit q\u00eb shkarkohet nga ky liqen. Autor\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb matjeve \u00a0q\u00eb i kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb, kan\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb konstatim se nga Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs shkarkohet nj\u00eb sasi uji prej rreth 16 m kub\/sek. q\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjigjet nj\u00eb moduli vjetor prej rreth 12,2\u00a0 l\/sek. p\u00ebr km kat\u00ebror.Disa autor\u00eb sllav\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se prej liqenit shkarkohet nj\u00eb sasi m\u00eb e madhe uji. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb plasaritjeve n\u00eb tabanin e liqenit t\u00eb cilat, p\u00ebrshkak t\u00eb erozioneve kimike dhe mekanike, jan\u00eb vazhdimisht duke u zgjeruar, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund ta d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb edhe konstatimet e fundit.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Pasi Liqeni i Ohrit ndodhet p\u00ebr 158 metra m\u00eb ul\u00ebt se ai i Presp\u00ebs, at\u00ebheren kuptohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb ujrat e k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit mekanikisht t\u00eb shkarkohen n\u00eb t\u00eb Ohrit. Ujrat derdh\u00ebse n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb liqen paraqiten n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb burimeve sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor\u00eb dhe n\u00ebnliqenor\u00eb (sublakustrik\u00eb). N\u00eb pjes\u00ebn juglindore t\u00eb liqenit ekzistojn\u00eb rreth 80 burime, prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve dallon gurra e Drinit t\u00eb Zi af\u00ebr manastirit Sh. Naum e quajtur me emrin \u201cOstrovo\u201d. Disa autor\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se burimet japin 15-20\u00a0 her\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr uj\u00eb se gurra e Drinit t\u00eb Zi. Mirpo se sa mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb\u00a0 prurja e k\u00ebtyre ujrave q\u00eb derdhen n\u00eb Liqenin e Ohrit, \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb konstatohet ngase numri m\u00eb i madh i tyre shkarkohen n\u00ebn nivelin e liqenit dhe nuk ka mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ndonj\u00eb matje. Rasti k\u00ebtill\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe me gurr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmendur. Aty derrdhen 30 burime n\u00ebnsip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsor\u00eb dhe 15 gjenden n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn bregore, uji i t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrzihet me ujin e gurr\u00ebs menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb vet\u00eb plasaritjet bregore n\u00eb tabanin ujor. Megjithat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb tentativ\u00eb ku mund t\u00eb shihet sasia e ujit q\u00eb derdhet n\u00eb liqen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb gurr\u00ebs. N\u00eb studimet e vjetra (n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb shek.20) shihet se prurja mesatare sillet rreth 30-40 m. kub uj\u00eb n\u00eb sek., kurse n\u00eb studimet e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebme matjet tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb liqeni derdhet 6-7 m. kub uj\u00eb n\u00eb sek. Mirpo, edhe n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimet e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebme edhe n\u00eb ato t\u00eb m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebme, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb sqarim se n\u00eb \u00e7far m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ardhur n\u00eb k\u00ebto t\u00eb dh\u00ebna. Me matjet e Entit hidrometeorologjik t\u00eb Maqedonis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kostatuar se prurja mesatare n\u00eb liqen nga kjo gurr\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 8.45 m. kub uj\u00eb n\u00eb sek. Shum\u00eb autor\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se sasia e ujrave q\u00eb shkarkohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gurr\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht konstante, ndaj edhe niveli i saj \u00ebsht\u00eb i pandryshuesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Si \u00ebsht\u00eb e ardhshmja e liqenit?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Q\u00eb do zhduket liqeni nuk ka dyshim, por pyetja \u00ebsht\u00eb: sa \u00ebsht\u00eb e gjat\u00eb jeta e tij? Duke u nisur nga fakti se liqenet jan\u00eb objekte t\u00eb shpeshta hidrologjike-morfologjike n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e tok\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb pikpamje gjeologjike kan\u00eb jet\u00eb afatshkurt\u00ebr, at\u00ebheren mund t\u00eb pritet se ky liqen do vij\u00eb dita q\u00eb do zhduket. K\u00ebshtu ka ndodhur n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn gjeologjike. Me formimin e fush\u00ebgropave n\u00eb truallin e Ballkanit nga l\u00ebvizjet vertikale tektonike, sistemi hidrografik morri kahje t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht ujrat filluan t\u2019i mbushin me uj\u00eb fush\u00ebgropat dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aty u krijuan liqene me origjin\u00eb tektonike. Mirpo, m\u00eb von\u00eb me l\u00ebvizjet neotektonike paraqitet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri ulja e tok\u00ebs n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn jugore t\u00eb gadishullit gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj uji i\u00a0 liqeneve n\u00eb p\u00ebrmjet grykave t\u00eb largohet dhe t\u00eb derdhet n\u00eb detin Egje. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb liqenet e asaj kohe q\u00eb jetuan nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb u zhduk\u00ebn. K\u00ebshtu pra do ndodh\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb me Liqenin e Presp\u00ebs sepse edhe ky e ka jet\u00ebn e vet.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Liqenet gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb vet kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb kat\u00ebr stade. S\u00eb pari do t\u2019i tregojm\u00eb stadet e pastoj do shohim se n\u00eb cilin stad t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb vet gjendet Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs. Stadet:\u00a0stadi i rinis\u00eb, i pjekuris\u00eb, i pleq\u00ebris\u00eb dhe stadi i zhdukjes s\u00eb liqenit.<\/em>\u00a0N\u00eb\u00a0stadin e par\u00eb<\/span><\/em>\u00a0relievi i liqenit \u00ebsht\u00eb i pandryshuar; n\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0dytin<\/span><\/em>\u00a0paraqitet krijimi i teracave lakustrike dhe thepisjeve, kurse grop\u00ebzat e ndryshme n\u00eb tabanin e liqenit akoma nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbushura; n\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0tretin<\/span><\/em>, p\u00ebrshkak t\u00eb shtresimeve, tabani i liqnit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i rrafsht\u00eb dhe, n\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0kat\u00ebrtin<\/span><\/em>, \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukja, liqeni fillon t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb i cek\u00ebt, n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb rriten kallamishte t\u00eb ndryshme dhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnur\u00eb liqeni shnd\u00ebrrohet n\u00eb k\u00ebnet\u00eb. Tani t\u00eb shohim se n\u00eb cilin stad ndodhen ky liqen. Shum\u00eb autor\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mendimit se ky liqen ndodhet n\u00eb fund t\u00eb stadit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb. K\u00ebt\u00eb ata e konstatojn\u00eb n\u00eb saj\u00eb t\u00eb teracave t\u00eb krijuara n\u00eb fazat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta dhe thepisjeve t\u00eb krijuara gjat\u00eb l\u00ebshimit vertikal t\u00eb liqenit. Madje edhe me tabanin e liqenit, i cili akoma nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i rrafshuar nga shtresimet t\u00eb bajturinave me origjin\u00eb potamogjene t\u00eb cilat mund t\u2019i rrafshojn\u00eb grop\u00ebzat e ndryshme.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Mirpo, megjithat\u00eb, tek ky liqen \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rast specifik q\u00eb rrall\u00eb ekziston n\u00eb liqenet e tjer\u00eb. Ky liqen , si\u00e7 p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm m\u00eb lart\u00eb, pjes\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore e ka me p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje g\u00eblqerore ku mund\u00ebsohet largimi i ujit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet drenimerve n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, kurse me uj\u00eb ushqehet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet ujrave derdh\u00ebse dhe reshjeve. Kushtet e k\u00ebtilla mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb q\u00eb jeta e liqenit t\u00eb zgjatet ose t\u00eb shkurtohet. N\u00eb gjendjen e tanishme, kur liqeni \u00ebsht\u00eb duke humbur uj\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se sa pranon, mund t\u00eb thuhet se n\u00ebse vazhdon edhe m\u00eb tutje n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, jeta e tij do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e shkurt\u00eb. Ndaj shum\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb huaj e vendas t\u00eb fush\u00ebs limnologjike, jan\u00eb t\u00eb brengosur p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij liqeni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mr. Fejzulla\u00a0ABDULLAI \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00c7\u2019 PO NDODH ME LIQENIN E PRESP\u00cbS \u00a0 NJ\u00cb GJYSM\u00cbSHEKULLI LIQENI VAZHDIMISHT \u00cbSHT\u00cb DUKE E HUMBUR UJIN \u00a0 Liqeni i Presp\u00ebs p\u00ebr nga formimi b\u00ebn pjes\u00eb n\u00eb tre liqenet tektonik\u00eb n\u00eb Ballkan t\u00eb pozicionuar n\u00eb trojet shqiptare, dhe sipas madh\u00ebsis\u00eb vjen n\u00eb vendin e tret\u00eb, pas Liqenit t\u00eb Shkodr\u00ebs dhe atij…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1882","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histori-gjeografi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1882"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1884,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882\/revisions\/1884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}