{"id":1072,"date":"2012-06-18T11:08:07","date_gmt":"2012-06-18T11:08:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=1072"},"modified":"2012-06-18T11:08:07","modified_gmt":"2012-06-18T11:08:07","slug":"pse-na-duhet-modeli-anglosakson-ne-arsimin-e-larte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/?p=1072","title":{"rendered":"Pse na duhet modeli anglosakson n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb"},"content":{"rendered":"
    \n
  1. \"\"<\/a>\u00a0TONIN GJURAJ*<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Sigurimi i cil\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerave, edhe me p\u00ebrshtatjen me modelin, praktikat apo konceptet m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr sistemin universitar dhe, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, hap\u00ebsira anglo-saksone duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e mira. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr vitin 2011 (sipas renditjeve t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb Times-it dhe Shangai-t), nga 50 universitetet m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, 45 prej tyre kan\u00eb form\u00ebn e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb publike n\u00eb kuptimin anglo-sakson, ose private dhe vet\u00ebm 5 prej tyre jan\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore. Po ashtu, si shp\u00ebrndarje gjeografike, 45 prej tyre gjenden n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn anglo-saksone, n\u00eb Angli, SHBA, Zeland\u00ebn e Re, Australi dhe vet\u00ebm 5 n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, Japoni, Franc\u00eb, Zvic\u00ebr etj..
    \n\u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sistemi anglosakson i sektorit universitar?<\/strong>
    \nSistemi i arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Britanin\u00eb e Madhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb unik, por i ndar\u00eb sipas vendeve q\u00eb e p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb at\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, mund t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr sistemin anglez, skocez, t\u00eb Uellsit dhe Irland\u00ebs s\u00eb Veriut. T\u00eb kat\u00ebr sistemet jan\u00eb t\u00eb pavarura prej nj\u00ebri-tjetrit nga ana organizative dhe administrative, si dhe dallime edhe n\u00eb funksionimin e tyre.
    \nArsimi i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Angli \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht shtet\u00ebror. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb tri vitet e fundit, me ndryshimet q\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb financimin e tyre, qeveria atje ka hequr pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha subvencionet dhe barra financiare u ka kaluar student\u00ebve. Deri tani student\u00ebt paguanin 3000 sterlina, ose 3600 euro n\u00eb vit.\u00a0Duke filluar prej tetorit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, 2012, kjo tarif\u00eb do t\u00eb trefishohet, por universiteteve angleze u \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb e drejta t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb limit tavan p\u00ebr tarifat vjetore, deri n\u00eb 9000 sterlina, ose 10,800 euro. Shumica i kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb \u00e7mimet nga 6000 deri n\u00eb 9000 sterlina, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb kurseve dhe cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb universitetit. Por, student\u00ebt nuk i paguajn\u00eb k\u00ebto para paraprakisht. Ata i marrin borxh prej shtetit me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe fillojn\u00eb ta shlyejn\u00eb kredin\u00eb pas mbarimit t\u00eb universitetit, n\u00ebse fillojn\u00eb pun\u00eb me nj\u00eb rrog\u00eb mbi 21,000 sterlina n\u00eb vit (paga mesatare vjetore n\u00eb Britani \u00ebsht\u00eb 26,000 sterlina, ose mbi 31,000 euro). Meqen\u00ebse arsimi i lart\u00eb zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb 3 vjet, at\u00ebher\u00eb student\u00ebt q\u00eb mbarojn\u00eb dalin me borxhe t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 27 mij\u00eb sterlina, ose 32,500 euro. Kjo shif\u00ebr nuk p\u00ebrfshin koston e jetes\u00ebs, q\u00eb shkon nga 500-700 sterlina n\u00eb muaj dhe t\u00eb cil\u00ebn student\u00ebt duhet ta paguajn\u00eb vet\u00eb. Pra, kostoja e nj\u00eb diplome universitare, tarif\u00eb plus kosto jetese, shkon deri n\u00eb 48-49 mij\u00eb sterlina, ose mbi 58 mij\u00eb euro. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, nga ana financiare mund t\u00eb thuhet se universitetet angleze jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha private, natyra e menaxhimit \u00ebsht\u00eb private.
    \nInteresante \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebtu, se k\u00ebto tarifa stratosferike, n\u00eb fakt, u rrit\u00ebn nga qeveria konservatore, me shumic\u00eb d\u00ebrrmuese t\u00eb arsimuar privatisht. P\u00ebr shembull, David Cameron, z\u00ebvend\u00ebskryeministri Nick Clegg dhe ministri i Financave e shum\u00eb ministra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, arsimin e mes\u00ebm e kan\u00eb kryer n\u00eb shkolla private dhe pastaj kan\u00eb shkuar n\u00eb Oxford ose Cambridge. Vet\u00ebm 7 p\u00ebr qind e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve n\u00eb Angli shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkolla t\u00eb mesme private, por gjysma e student\u00ebve n\u00eb Oxford e Cambridge jan\u00eb prej shkollave private. Pra, k\u00ebtu shfaqet duksh\u00ebm dallimi!
    \nArsimi i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Skoci \u00ebsht\u00eb disi ndryshe. Nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb ve\u00e7antat ekscentrike t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe dallimi midis Anglis\u00eb dhe Skocis\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 sistemit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb juridik apo policor, Skocia ka dhe sistem t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb arsimor, I cili \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr, n\u00eb fakt, atij kontinental europian. N\u00ebse sistemi anglez e v\u00eb theksin n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjen e specializuar, ai skocez \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb. Diplomat universitare zgjasin kat\u00ebr vjet dhe student\u00ebt rezident n\u00eb Skoci nuk paguajn\u00eb tarifa. Por, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb student\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb s\u00eb Madhe apo t\u00eb huaj, universitetet skoceze aplikojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat tarifa si ato angleze. K\u00ebtu b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtim p\u00ebr student\u00ebt me pasaporta irlandeze, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk paguajn\u00eb tarifa (kjo p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb lidhjeve historike mes dy vendeve). P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, shum\u00eb anglez\u00eb\/britanik\u00eb po zbulojn\u00eb se u ka lindur nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur pasaporta irlandeze. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend nuk ka universitete private.
    \nM\u00eb tej, Uellsi ka pak a shum\u00eb sistemin anglez, por student\u00ebt rezident\u00eb paguajn\u00eb vet\u00ebm 1250 sterlina n\u00eb vit, kurse pjesa tjet\u00ebr mbulohet prej shtetit. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb ndodh edhe me Irland\u00ebn e Veriut, e cila i ka ngrir\u00eb tarifat e universiteteve, n\u00eb 3500 sterlina n\u00eb vit, ose 4200 euro. Arsimi i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Angli mund t\u00eb quhet gjysm\u00eb privat, por dallimi i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb midis universiteteve nuk q\u00ebndron n\u00eb pages\u00ebn, por n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e menaxhimit dhe n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre.
    \n\u201cUniversiteti publik\u201d dhe \u201cuniversiteti privat\u201d n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri<\/strong>
    \nN\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri universitetet jan\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore dhe joshtet\u00ebrore. Nuk ka universitete publike, sipas modelit anglosakson t\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm, pasi ka nj\u00eb keqkuptim n\u00eb lidhje me kuptimin real t\u00eb publikes dhe privates n\u00eb sistemin universitar. Ato q\u00eb quhen universitete publike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, jan\u00eb, n\u00eb fakt, shtet\u00ebrore, sepse varen t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga MASH-i, qeverisen sipas ligjeve t\u00eb buxhetit t\u00eb shtetit, rrogat p\u00ebrcaktohen prej shtetit, numri i student\u00ebve (kuotat), si dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb lidhen me normat, numri i stafit p\u00ebr t\u2019u rekrutuar \u00e7do vit, ngarkesat etj. Kjo, pak a shum\u00eb, ndodh si n\u00eb Europ\u00ebn kontinentale, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e universiteteve n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, Itali, Spanj\u00eb etj., por k\u00ebta t\u00eb fundit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb autonomi shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se universitetet shqiptare.\u00a0 Universitetet publike, n\u00eb kuptimin anglosakson, kan\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb tjet\u00ebr juridike, as shtet\u00ebrore, as private, por jan\u00eb organizma t\u00eb pavarura, menaxhohen sipas mekanizmave t\u00eb tregut dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb private, por, mbi t\u00eb gjitha, nuk kan\u00eb apo shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb fitim. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i privates q\u00eb ka vler\u00eb t\u00eb madhe publike dhe anasjelltas.
    \nKjo ngre nj\u00eb pyetje apo dilem\u00eb sesi duhen financuar student\u00ebt te ne, apo si duhet vepruar me ata student\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsi ekonomike p\u00ebr t\u00eb vazhduar studimet e larta, q\u00eb vijn\u00eb prej familjeve t\u00eb varfra, q\u00eb nuk mund t\u2019i krijojn\u00eb vetes mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr vazhdimin e shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb etj. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, si\u00e7 dihet, nuk kishte kredi studentore, por kishte politik\u00eb bursash, edhe pse aspak transparente dhe mbi baz\u00eb kriteresh kryesisht ideologjike, t\u00eb fabrikuara apo t\u00eb sajuara.
    \nNj\u00eb prej vlerave themelore t\u00eb demokracis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb barazia, n\u00eb kuptimin q\u00eb t\u00eb garantohen shanset e barabarta, t\u00eb mos imponohet barazia e kushteve dhe t\u00eb ardhurave, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb q\u00ebllim i regjimeve komuniste dhe shum\u00eb komuniteteve ekstreme egalitariane.\u00a0 Konformiteti dhe uniformiteti i detyruar, i imponuar nga qeverit\u00eb totalitare, p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb korruptuar t\u00eb barazis\u00eb. Parimi i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb \u00e7do individ t\u00eb ket\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb barabarta p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb i lumtur dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebzuar t\u00eb drejtat e tjera natyrore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb rruga drejt barazis\u00eb, drejt shanseve t\u00eb barabarta.\u00a0 N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, askush nuk duhet t\u00eb mbet\u00ebt pa shkollim p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb statusit ekonomik, pasi qeveria n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri demokratike ka autoritetin t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e \u00e7donj\u00ebrit p\u00ebr shans t\u00eb barabart\u00eb. N\u00eb fush\u00ebn e arsimit, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 masivizimit, duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyhet me kredi t\u00eb lehta, me politika bursash etj\u2026 Po ashtu, t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb vet\u00eb shkollimin e tyre, mund t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb shkollim shum\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb, n\u00eb vend ose jasht\u00eb shteti. Zgjedhja tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e lir\u00eb.
    \nCili sistem na p\u00ebrshtatet<\/strong>
    \nN\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, sistemi q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor Anglia p\u00ebr financimin e studimeve duket i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm dhe favorizues p\u00ebr student\u00ebt, pasi jep mund\u00ebsi e garanci p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e duhur. Duket sikur edukimi universitar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb universitetet shtet\u00ebrore merret falas, sepse paguhet prej qeveris\u00eb, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e gabuar, pasi, n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ato jan\u00eb taksat tona, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimi duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00ebse financimi q\u00eb b\u00ebhet \u00ebsht\u00eb financimi i duhur, ose jo. P\u00ebr shembull, a jemi n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb themi sot se ku shkojn\u00eb realisht parat\u00eb e qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebr edukimin universitar, ku shpenzohen rreth 100 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit, por destinacioni mbetet i paqart\u00eb.\u00a0 A shkojn\u00eb ato, n\u00eb fakt, te studenti, me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb ai\/ajo t\u00eb jet\u00eb i p\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm e t\u00eb vendos\u00eb vet\u00eb ku t\u2019i shpenzoj\u00eb, n\u00eb cilin universitet shtet\u00ebror ose joshtet\u00ebror, si dhe cilin program t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb? N\u00ebse studenti paguan vet\u00eb, ai\/ajo b\u00ebn nj\u00eb presion m\u00eb t\u00eb madh pozitiv p\u00ebr arsimim m\u00eb cil\u00ebsor, m\u00eb bashk\u00ebkohor, p\u00ebr kushte m\u00eb t\u00eb mira sh\u00ebrbimesh etj.
    \nK\u00ebsisoj, duhet t\u00eb vijoj\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb debati p\u00ebr nj\u00eb reform\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsore (e premtuar) t\u00eb arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb roli tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb shtetit, ku paraja publike nuk ndjek m\u00eb institucionet, por, mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb praktikat m\u00eb t\u00eb mira t\u00eb huaja, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ato anglosaksone, t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb studentin. Th\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, universitetet private mund t\u00eb kthehen m\u00eb pas n\u00eb organizata jofitimprur\u00ebse, n\u00eb institucione publike, joshtet\u00ebrore, por me kushtin q\u00eb i gjith\u00eb sistemi, ose nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e tij, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb transformim, duke filluar n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nga nj\u00eb autonomi shum\u00eb m\u00eb e gjer\u00eb p\u00ebr universitetet shtet\u00ebrore dhe konkurrenc\u00eb reale t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor. Rrug\u00ebt dhe modalitetet e k\u00ebtij transformimi jan\u00eb pastaj pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb debati shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb dhe mes teknik\u00ebsh e profesionist\u00ebsh t\u00eb arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe atyre t\u00eb politikave publike.
    \n*Rektor i Universitetit Europian t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00a0TONIN GJURAJ* Sigurimi i cil\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb arsimin e lart\u00eb ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 t\u00eb tjerave, edhe me p\u00ebrshtatjen me modelin, praktikat apo konceptet m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara n\u00eb bot\u00eb p\u00ebr sistemin universitar dhe, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kontekst, hap\u00ebsira anglo-saksone duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e mira.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-kritike"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1072","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1072"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1072\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1074,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1072\/revisions\/1074"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1072"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1072"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/revistakuvendi.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1072"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}